rays in the condenser is manifested somewhat suddenly, a weak current changing to one of considerable strength for a slight diminution of distance; the current then increases regularly as the active body continues to approach the sheet t.
When the active body is covered with a sheet of aluminium 1/100 m.m. thick, the absorption produced by the lamina becomes greater, the greater the distance a t.
If a second similar lamina of aluminium be placed upon the first, each absorbs a fraction of the radiation it receives, and this fraction is greater for the second lamina than for the first.
In the following table I have represented in the first line the distances in centimetres between the polonium and the sheet T; in the second line the percentage of the rays transmitted by a sheet of aluminium; in the third line the percentage of the rays transmitted by two sheets of the same aluminium:—
| Distance a t... ... | 3·5 | 2·5 | 1·9 | 1·45 | 0·5 |
| Percentage of rays transmitted by one lamina............ |
0 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 25 |
| Percentage of rays transmitted by two laminæ......... |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0·7 |
In these experiments the distance of the plates, p and p′, was 3 c.m. We see that the interposition of the aluminium screen diminishes the intensity of the radiation to a greater degree at further distances than at nearer distances.
This effect is still more marked than the preceding figures seem to indicate. For a distance of 0·5 c.m. 25 per cent represents the mean penetration for all the rays which pass beyond this distance. If, for example, only those rays between 0·5 c.m. and 1 c.m. be comprehended, the penetration would be greater. And if the plate p be placed at a distance of 0·5 cm. from p′ the fraction of the radiation transmitted by the aluminium lamina (for a t = 0·5 c.m.) is 47 per cent, and through two laminæ it is 5 per cent of the original radiation.
I have recently performed a second series of experiments with these same specimens of polonium, the activity of which was considerably diminished, the interval of time between the two series of experiments being three years.
In the former experiments, polonium nitrite was used; in the latter, the polonium was in the state of metallic particles obtained by fusing the nitrite with potassium cyanide.
