xvi Contents and List of Citations PAGE 69. The Northmen at Nantes 157 Annalium Bertinianorum pars secunda, ad an. 843 : Mon. Ger. Hist., Pertz, I, 439 sq. III.. A Melancholy Glimpse of the Conditions in the Ninth Century 70. An extract from the Annals of Xanten 158 Annales Xantenses, ad an. 844 sqq. : Mon. Ger. Hist., Pertz, II, 227 sqq. IV. How the Northmen harried Frankland and laid Siege to Paris 71. How the Northmen laid siege to Paris 163 Annales Vedastini, ad an. 882 sqq. : Mon. Ger. Hist., Pertz, I, 529 sqq. CHAPTER IX FEUDALISM I. The Older Institutions which serve to explain Feudalism 72. Grant of immunity to a bishop 171 Roziere, Recueil generate des formules usitees dans 1'empire des Francs du V e au X" siecle. 3 vols. 1859-1871. No. 16; Vol. I, 17. Trans., as well as the following numbers to 88 inclusive by Cheyney, Tr. and Rp. Vol. IV, No. 3 73. Grant of a vill with immunity to a layman 172 Roziere, No. 147 ; Vol. I, 185 74. Land received as a beneficium from a monastery . . .173 Roziere, No. 350; Vol. I, 433 75. A Frankish formula of commendation 175 Roziere, No. 43 ; Vol. I, 69 76. Formal acceptance of a follower by his lord . . . .176 Roziere, No. 8 ; Vol. I, 8 II. The Granting of Fiefs 77. How an allodial tenure might be turned into a fief . .176 Quantin, Recueil de pieces du XHIme Siecle, No. 631, pp. 310 sq. 78. The count of Troyes grants a manor as a fief . . . .177 Ibid., No. 2, p. i 79. Record of grant of a fief to a knight 178 Historia Monasterii de Abingdon, II, 135, Rolls Series 80. The count of Champagne grants a fief to a bishop . .178 Brussel, Usage des Fiefs, I, 3, note
