England in the Middle Ages 237 doing, except by the permission of him to whom the wood belongs. . . . 39. No free man shall be taken, or imprisoned, or dispos- No arbitrary sessed, or outlawed, or banished, or in any way injured, im P rison - nor will we go upon him, nor send upon him, except by the legal judgment of his peers, or by the law of the land. 40. To no one will we sell, to no one will we deny or delay, right or justice. 41. All merchants shall be safe and secure in going out Protection ot from England and coming into England, and in remaining merchants, and going through England, as well by land as by water, for buying and selling, free from all evil tolls, by the ancient and rightful customs, except in time of war, or if they are of a land at war with us ; and if such are found in our land at the beginning of war, they shall be attached without injury to their bodies or goods, until it shall be known from us, or from our principal justiciar, in what way the merchants of our land are treated who shall be then found in the country which is at war with us ; and if ours are safe there, the others shall be safe in our land. . . . 47. All forests which have been afforested in our time shall be disafforested immediately; and so it shall be concern- ing river banks which in our time have been fenced in. ... 51. And immediately after the reestablishment of peace we will remove from the kingdom all foreign-born soldiers, crossbowmen, servants, and mercenaries who have come with horses and arms for the injury of the realm. 52. If any one shall have been dispossessed or removed by us. without legal judgment of his peers, from his lands, castles, franchises, or his right, we will restore them to him immediately; and if contention arises about this, then it shall be done according to the judgment of the twenty-five barons, of whom mention is made below concerning the security of the peace. Concerning all those things, how- ever, from which any one has been removed, or of which he has been deprived, without legal judgment of his peers, by King Henry our father, or by King Richard our brother, which we have in our hand, or which others hold, and which
