262 Readings in European History volumes have appeared, coming down to the thirteenth century. This is an extraordinary treatment of the whole field of German history by reigns and years, and is designed for the exacting student rather than for the reader of history, as there is much technical discussion of minute questions of scholarship. The volumes for the Carolingian period have already been mentioned. For the tenth and early eleventh century there are the following: WAITZ, Konig Heinrich 7, 1863 ; DUMMLER, Kaiser Otto der Grosse, 1876 ; UHLIRZ, Otto JIund Otto III, Vol. I, 1902 ; HIRSCH and BRESSLAU, Heinrich 77, 3 vols., 1862-1875; BRESSLAU, Konrad 77, 2 vols., 1879-1884; STEINDORFF, Heinrich III, 2 vols., 1874-1881. RICHTER, Annalen der deutschen Geschichte im Mittelalter mit durch- gdngiger kritischer Erlduterung aus Quellen und Literaturangaben. Ein Handbuch fur das -wissenchaftliche Studium der deutschen Geschichte im Mittelalter, 3 vols., Halle, 1873-1898. This is a sort of condensation of the Jahrbiicher mentioned above. The events are briefly recounted in the text, while in the voluminous notes, which fill a great part of the page, special points are discussed and extracts are given from the sources. It is by far the most important work within its compass for the advanced student of German mediaeval history. -Volumes I and II have already been mentioned; Vol. Ill, Part I (1890), covers the period 919-1056; Vol. Ill, Part II (1898), comes down to 1137. There are a number of more or less voluminous modern narrative histories of Germany in German. The most suggestive of these is LAMPRECHT, Deutsche Geschichte, Berlin, 1891 sqq., an original treat- ment, with much attention to the social and economic phases. Other works of this class are briefly described by Dr. Henderson, A History of Germany in the Middle Ages, pp. 2 1 sqq. It may not be amiss to suggest that the student will do well after he has gained a tolerably clear notion of the general course of German history to proceed directly to such a work as Richter's Annalen, which brings him close to the sources, rather than to plod through the detailed and often rather heavy and unprofitable secondary accounts. EBERT, Litteratur des Mittelalters (see above, p. 34), Vol. III. Con- tains the best account of the literary activity of the tenth century. In the preceding bibliographies frequent references have already been made to the great collection of the sources of German history in the Middle Ages known as the Motiumenta Germaniae Historica, Hannover and Berlin, 1826 sqq. The first portions of this vast collection were issued in folio under the editorship of the distinguished scholar Pertz. Of this folio edition there are 29 volumes, known as the Scriptores
