4,Buffalo Township in Union county.
5,East Buffalo Township.
These two townships can be best described together, inasmuch as the exceedingly irregular outlines of the former extending along Spruce run and Buffalo creek on the north and east to the river, and south to the crest of the Shamokin mountain, largely surround East Buffalo township. The river forms the eastern border of the latter township for about 3 miles below Lewisburg, while a southern line, 5 miles long, follows the crest of the Shamokin mountain.
The drainage of both of these townships is eastward into the Susquehanna river; Buffalo creek and its tributaries, Spruce run, Black run, Armstrong run and Rapid run largely drain Buffalo township, while Turtle creek performs a like office for East Buffalo township.
Lewisburg, while actually an incorporated borough, occupies portions of each township just below the mouth of Buffalo creek, on the Susquehanna river, It is the county seat of Union county and a town of great natural beauty.
Mazeppa, Buffalo Cross Roads and Vicksburg are thriving villages in Buffalo township, and Linntown and Turtleville in East Buffalo township.
The chief structural features of these two townships are first the Lewisburg or Lackawanna synclinal on the north, which cannot be traced far west of Hafer’s mill, on Buffalo creek, through the wide plain of upper Salina lime shales which occupy fully one-half of the area of Buffalo township, everywhere giving rise to an ideal farming soil and justifying the fame and wealth of the Buffalo Valley.
Along the western line of Buffalo township, which is practically straight and nearly north and south for seven miles between Spruce run and the Mifflinburg ridge, there are several anticlinal and synclinal rolls of greater or less importance, which serve to modify the topography and geology there.
Buffalo mountain on the north is the first of these, creating a high anticlinal spur of Medina white sandstone, just south of Spruce run, extending for about a mile in length
