lower Clinton shales, finally turning north and descending the flank of the ore ridge which has one old opening here, known as the Krause mine. The ridge is about 150′ above the valley and is said to have furnished mostly soft ore.
Further east, about a mile from the Buffalo line, the ore ridge is completely gapped by a small branch of Turtle creek, and on the Zook and Walter farms the Danville (?) bed was formerly mined to a considerable extent by water level drifts. The waste dump at these openings shows mostly a mass of yellow roof shales with but little ore, and the Ore sandstone, which is both thin and shaly here, apparently outcrops to the north of the openings.
In Buffalo the contraction of the east and west lines of the township permit of only about two miles of the Ore sandstone ridge to occur. The Medina red sandstone makes the crest of the Shamokin mountain here, and the top layers of the overlying white Medina are seen along the road crossing the mountain, dipping northwest 15°, a short distance south of the red frame church on the north flank of the mountain. The church itself stands on the lower Clinton brown shales, which dip about 30° northwest.
The Ore sandstone ridge stands out distinctly, away from the base of the mountain, and at the forks of the road, near Gauberman’s, it outcrops upon a 30° N. W. dip.
Joseph Spangler’s mine was being actively worked in 1888 on the west side of the road, under a lease of Messrs Heinback & Zubler, who sent all their ore to the Union furnace, 9½ miles distant. The lower bed averages from 14″-18″ thick, and is probably the Danville bed. The drift is about 300 yards long, with possibly 20 yards of breast, all in soft ore, except about 4 or 5 yards just above the level of the gangway. The bed seems to have a blue slaty limestone foot-wall and a sandstone roof. Occasionally a small seam of slate or Jack occurs in the bed about 2″ or 3″ from the top; but it is not persistent.
This same bed has also been worked on the east side of the ravine upon John Reed’s property; but his opening has been temporarily abandoned. Roland’s property lies
