A section from the pike in the neighborhood of Vicksburg south to Shamokin mountain displays the erosion of the limestone rocks in the Mifflinburg synclinal.
The upper Salina lime shales crop on the pike with a 20° S. E. dip and continue to the Luthern church, where some very fat limestone beds occur on a 35° S. E. dip, sufficiently massive to make a distinct terrace ride further west on the north flank of the Mifflinburg hill. South of the church, still higher shale beds dip 45° S. E., the synclinal passing near the school house on Turtle creek, and reversing the dip to 45° N. W. in similar rock measures, north of S. L. Glick’s house.
Farther south, beyond his house, a road cut makes an excellent exposure of the Bloomsburg red shales or lower Salina rocks, dipping 25° N. W., and separated from the Ore sandstone ridge by an open valley of upper Clinton brown shales.
6.West Buffalo Township in Union county.
This is a long and narrow township, lying immediately west of White Deer and Buffalo, with Lewis township on its west and extending along the White Deer mountain on the Lycoming county line. Its southern line is the turnpike road for three miles west of Mifflinburg, running thence east up the flank of Limestone ridge to corner of Buffalo and Limestone townships. The east and west lines, running north and south, are practically parallel, and but for an offset of about 1½ miles along Spruce run, the township would be almost a perfect parallelogram, 4 miles wide and 10 miles long. As it is, the offset along Spruce run takes out between 7 and 8 square miles, so that its area will hardly reach 35 square miles.
As its border lines cross so many structural features in the county its topography and soils are necessarily very much diversified.
Its drainage is generally eastward, and although no one stream has a very extensive flow on account of the narrow width of the township, it is watered by a great number of branches of Buffalo creek.
