Good exposures of the Hudson River slates and all three members of No. IV are wanting in this township for lack of water gap to expose them, and although the Ore sandstone makes a long straight terrace ridge for nearly 9 miles through the township it is nowhere well exposed nor has it furnished anything but fair outcrops of its two accompanying ore strata,
The lower Salina (Bloomsburg) red shales can be traced without difficulty by reason of the deep red soil which they create along the north side of the Hiester valley and south of the Ore sandstone ridge, but actual outcrops are exceedingly rare. Ravines cut gaps of more or less prominence through both the Bloomsburg red shale and the Ore sandstone measures, but none of them are of sufficient size or depth to create good exposures of these measures. The upper Salina rocks having considerable outspread through this township by reason of the duplication brought about by the Slenderdale anticlinal, and in consequence there are some excellent farming lands exhibited there between the Ore sandstone ridge and the Flintstone ridge.
The Hiester valley, lying north of the Shamokin synclinal, while consisting of the same rocks existing on the arch of the Slenderdale axis, is eroded 100′ to 150′ lower topographically than the valley on the south side of this basin, by reason of the steeper monoclinal dips which everywhere occure there.
The Lower Helderberg limestone in the north leg of the Shamokin synclinal has been opened in several places about a mile west of the Perry township line on both sides of the public roads.
Limestone quarries.
Widow Garhart’s quarry east of the road, is one of the largest showing, a long narrow side hill cut with 35′ of stone exposed on 40′ S. E. dip. The stone is poor and the quarry in bad condition.
A. Hackenberg’s quarry is about 100 yards west of the road; small and with the same characteristics. Both of these openings have evidently been idle for some time and
