and the Black Log mountain for its southern boundary for about 3½ miles to a point on the Medina crest of Shade mountain, from whence the township and county line bears a little north of west for two miles in a straight line to the Juniata river about 2 miles above Newton Hamilton.
The Juniata practically forms its western line, dividing it from Huntingdon county and after its great bend south of Newton Hamilton, it flows in an easterly direction through the southern half of the township from Newton Hamilton to Ryde station at the Oliver-Bratton line.
Several small streams, the most important of which is the Beaver Dam run, drain this township in all directions into the river, Licking creek alone draining the narrow synclinal valley between the Blue Ridge and Black Log mountain flowing into Huntingdon county before entering the river.
Newton Hamilton, beautifully situated on the north bank of the river north of where it takes its great bend, is the only important village in the township.
Many of the anticlinal and synclinal flexures which give so great an irregularity to the topography of the townships lying east have either died away entirely or have become so flattened out as to considerably modify the structural features of this township as compared to Oliver and Granville.
For instance, the central Squaw Hollow, or Ross Ore Bank synclinal, holding a very narrow band of the Marcellus slates all through Grandville and Oliver, deepens and widens in this township to such an extent as to permit of the presence of a considerable thickness of the Portage flags in addition to the whole-of the Marcellus, Hamilton and the Genessee divisions of No. VIII well exposed in the cuts between Newton Hamilton and the railroad bridge crossing into Huntingdon county.
These Portage rocks are the highest geological series contained in the township, while the Medina red and white sandstone of Black Log, Blue Ridge and Jack mountain are the lowest. These latter form the terraced Black Log mountain wall on the south, and after passing under the Licking creek synclinal of lower Clinton rocks they rise
