termediate ridges, formed of the sharp sand and chert rocks of the Oriskany No. VII, Chemung No. VIII, and the Catskill No. IX sandstone, help to further modify the topography of the large valleys; but the Buffalo and Penns creek valleys on the east, and the Lewistown, Kishacoquillas and Tuscarora valleys on the west are preëminently garden spots in an agricultural sense, and rendered all the more beautiful and conspicuous by reason of the rugged mountain walls enclosing them.
Along the western line of Union county the map will show seven spurs of the Buffalo mountains, occurring en échelon like the fingers of a hand, each one from the south northward projecting a little further eastward into the Buffalo valley and nearer the Susquehanna river. All of these anticlinal spurs are composed of the same sand rocks, Oneida and Medina Nos. IVa, IVb and IVc, brought up by repeated folds in the rocks, and between them occur synclinal valleys of the lower Clinton rocks No. V.
There is still considerable confusion regarding the names of these mountain spurs owing to the many local names they have been given; but leaving out their sub-divisions, enclosing narrow anticlinal valleys of Hudson river slate No. III, their generally accepted names are as follows, from north to south:
1—White Deer Mountain.
a—White Deer Valley.
3—Nittany Mountain,
b—Spruce Run Valley.
Sand Mountain.
3 Buffalo Mountain.
Seven Notch Mt.
c—Rapid Run Valley.
Shriner’s Mountain.
4—Jones Mountain.
Dull Mountain.
d—North Branch Valley.
5—Little Buffalo Mountain.
e—Laurel Run Valley.
6—Paddy’s Mountain.
t—Penns Creek Valley.
7—White Mountain.
g—Weikert Run Valley.
8—Jack’s Mountain.Shamokin Mountain.
