laws of an ordinary society should never require for any purpose a vote of a majority or of two-thirds of the members unless they allow voting by mail. The chairman may vote whenever his vote will affect the result. In case of ballot voting, he must vote before the polls are closed. In voting by roll-call the chairman's name is called last.
For further information in regard to Voting and Elections see R. O. R., pages 188-205, and especially the elaborate article on Nominations and Elections in "Parliamentary Law."
Practice Work.
(1) Give the form for taking the vote by show of hands: By rising.
(2) What is meant by General Consent? Cite an illustration of the acceptance of the minutes by general consent in one of the Drills.
(3) When is the ballot form of voting best? What are the duties of the tellers? What should be their characteristics?
(4) Describe the procedure as to distribution of ballots and the chair's directions when one person is to be elected to membership by ballot. How does this procedure differ when there are several candidates and one vacancy?
(5) Describe the manner of collecting ballots and give the caution mentioned in the text.
(6) Show how ballots are to be counted illustrating by a tally sheet in groups of five. Explain what is to be done with any disputed vote.
(7) Who submits the tellers' report? Who declares the election?
(8) Assume that you have no printed ticket and nomina-
