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the lesson and then drags lamp holders and switches to arrange them on the screen, then chooses tools, the wire guage and colour and then does all the wiring from terminal to terminal, using the computer mouse. After completing the wiring, he fits in lamps of any desired wattage. After switching on, the lamps will light up as expected by the circuit used by him. What is more, he can pick up a voltmeter and/or an ammeter and connect it at any point in the circuit, any number of them at the same time and measure the voltage and /or current. He can use this for studying Ohms law, calculating voltages, or currents in series and parallel, play with resistances in series and parallel and see how they affect the current or wattage. And all this is done on the computer screen, with no risk of damage or electric shocks or short circuits. We also have a program where one can prepare a solution of a given % strength. We plan to extend this to standard solutions of desired normality and do titration in the computer "chemical" laboratory. These are not to substitute real shop floor experience, but to prepare for it better. Teaching complex concepts is easy on a CD Students find it difficult to understand abstract ideas. Computers make it easy by using animation. For example, students, who are learning blood group determination, cannot visualize how the "foreign cells" are recognised by the blood and which groups are (and why?) Universal Acceptors and Universal Donors. Why are the groups A, B, and AB or 0? Our animated computer lesson show the template concept and how the white blood cells recognise the 'foreign' cells and ask for antibodies to be generated. With frequent quizzes before even the lesson is over, the students are able to predict in each quiz whether the blood cell will be accepted or rejected. Finally, the lesson shows by visuals how the blood sample is taken and reagents are added and how the slide looks where there is Rural Development Through Education System » 92
