regard to their names; and there is more or less of discordance even from ayúta on.
c. Thus, in the TS. and MS. we find ayúta, niyúta, prayúta, árbuda, nyàrbuda, samudrá, mádhya, ánta, parārdhá; K. reverses the order of niyúta and prayúta, and inserts badva after nyarbuda (reading nyarbudha): these are probably the oldest recorded series.
d. In modern time, the only numbers in practical use above thousand are lakṣa (lac or lakh) and koṭi (crore); and an Indian sum is wont to be pointed thus: 123,45,67,890, to signify 123 crores, 45 lakhs, 67 thousand, eight hundred and ninety.
e. As to the alleged stem-forms pañcan etc., see below, 484. As to the form ṣakṣ instead of ṣaṣ, see above, 146b. The stem dva appears in composition and derivation also as dvā and dvi; catúr in composition is accented cátur. The older form of aṣṭa is aṣṭā: see below, 483. Forms in -çat and -çati for the tens are occasionally interchanged: e. g. viṅçat (MBh. R.), triṅçati (AB.), pañcāçati (RT.).
f. The other numbers are expressed by the various composition and syntactical combination of those given above. Thus :
476. The odd numbers between the even tens are made by prefixing the (accented) unit to the ten to which its value is to be added: but with various irregularities. Thus:
a. eka in 11 becomes ekā, but is elsewhere unchanged;
b. dva becomes everywhere dvā; but in 42–72 and in 92 it is interchangeable with dvi, and in 82 dvi alone is used;
c. for tri is substituted its nom. pl. masc. tráyas; but tri itself is also allowed in 43–73 and in 93, and in 83 tri alone is used;
d. ṣaṣ becomes ṣo in 16, and makes the initial d of daça lingual (199d); elsewhere its final undergoes the regular conversion (226 b, 198 b) to ṭ or ḍ or ṇ; and in 96 the n of navati is assimilated to it (199c);
e. aṣṭa becomes aṣṭā (483) in 18–38, and has either form in the succeeding combinations.
f. Thus:
11 | ékādaça | 31 | ékatriṅçat | 61 | ékaṣaṣṭi | 81 | ékāçīti |
12 | dvā́daça | 32 | dvā́triṅçat | 62 | dvā́ṣaṣṭi | 82 | dvyàçīti |
dvíṣaṣṭi | |||||||
13 | tráyodaça | 33 | tráyastriṅçat | 63 | tráyaḥṣaṣṭi | 83 | tryàçīti |
tríṣaṣṭi | |||||||
14 | cáturdaça | 34 | cátustriṅçat | 64 | cátuḥṣaṣṭi | 84 | cáturaçīti |
15 | páñcadaça | 35 | páñcatriṅçat | 65 | páñcaṣaṣṭi | 85 | páñcāçīti |
16 | ṣóḍaça | 36 | ṣáṭtriṅçat | 66 | ṣáṭṣaṣṭi | 86 | ṣáḍaçīti |
17 | saptádaça | 37 | saptátriṅçat | 67 | saptáṣaṣṭi | 87 | saptā́çīti |
18 | aṣṭā́daça | 38 | aṣṭā́triṅçat | 68 | aṣṭáṣaṣṭi | 88 | aṣṭā́çīti |
aṣṭā́ṣaṣṭi | |||||||
19 | návadaça | 39 | návatriṅçat | 69 | návaṣaṣṭi | 89 | návāçīti |