701. Of the briefer 1st sing. act., RV. has kṛṇavā and hinavā. Forms with double mode-sign occur (not in RV.): thus, kṛṇávāt and karavāt (AV.); açnavātha (K.), kṛṇavātha (VS.; but -vatha in Kāṇva-text), karavātha (ÇB.). On the other hand, açnavatāi is found once (in TS.). Forms like āpnuvāni, ardhnúvat, açnuvat, met with now and then in the older texts, are doubtless to be regarded as false readings. RV. has in a single passage kṛṇvāíte (instead of kṛṇávāite); the only form in āithe is açnávāithe.
3. Present Optative.
702. The combined endings (566) are added, as usual, to the weak tense-stem: thus,
| active. | middle. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s. | d. | p. | s. | d. | p. | |
| 1 | सुनुयाम् sunuyā́m |
सुनुयाव sunuyā́va |
सुनुयाम sunuyā́ma |
सुन्वीय sunvīyá |
सुन्वीवहि sunvīváhi |
सुन्वीमहि sunvīmáhi |
| etc. | etc. | etc. | etc. | etc. | etc. | |
a. From √āp, the middle optative would be āpnuvīyá — and so in other like cases.
4. Present Imperative.
703. The inflection of the imperative is in general like that in the preceding classes. As regards the 2d sing. act., the rule of the later language is that the ending हि hi is taken whenever the root itself ends in a consonant; otherwise, the tense- (or mode-) stem stands by itself as 2d person (for the earlier usage, see below, 704). An example of inflection is:
| active. | middle. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s. | d. | p. | s. | d. | p. | |
| 1 | सुनवानि sunávāni |
सुनवाव sunávāva |
सुनवाम sunávāma |
सुनवै sunávāi |
सुनवावहै sunávāvahāi |
सुनवामहै sunávāmahāi |
| 2 | सुनु sunú |
सुनुतम् sunutám |
सुनुत sunutá |
सुनुष्व sunuṣvá |
सुन्वाथाम् sunvā́thām |
सुनुध्वम् sunudhvám |
| 3 | सुनोतु sunótu |
सुनुताम् sunutā́m |
सुन्वन्तु sunvántu |
सुनुताम् sunutā́m |
सुन्वाताम् sunvā́tām |
सुन्वताम् sunvátām |
