Page:Sanskrit Grammar by Whitney p1.djvu/294

3. Present Optative.

738. The scheme of optative endings as combined with the final of an a-stem was given in full above (566).

	active.			middle.
	s.	d.	p.	s.	d.	p.
1	भवेयम् bháveyam	भवेव bháveva	भवेम bhávema	भवेय bháveya	भवेवहि bhávevahi	भवेमहि bhávemahi
2	भवेस् bháves	भवेतम् bhávetam	भवेत bháveta	भवेथास् bhávethās	भवेयाथाम् bháveyāthām	भवेध्वम् bhávedhvam
3	भवेत् bhávet	भवेताम् bhávetām	भवेयुस् bháveyus	भवेत bháveta	भवेयाताम् bháveyātām	भवेरन् bháveran

a. The RV. has once the 3d pl. mid. bharerata (for one other example, see 752 b). AV. has udeyam from √vad.

b. A few instances are met with of middle 3d persons from a-stems in īta and (very rarely) īran, instead of eta and eran. For convenience, they may be put together here (excepting the more numerous causative forms, for which see 1043 c); they are (so far as noted) these: nayīta S. and later, çaṅsīta S., çrayīta S.; dhayīta S., dhyāyīta U., hvayīta AB. S. and hvayīran S., dhmāyīta U. An active form çaṅsīyāt C. is isolated and anomalous.

4. Present Imperative.

739. An example of the imperative inflection is:

	active.			middle.
	s.	d.	p.	s.	d.	p.
1	भवानि bhávāni	भवाव bhávāva	भवाम bhávāma	भवै bhávāi	भवावहै bhávāvahāi	भवामहै bhávāmahāi
2	भव bháva	भवतम् bhávatam	भवत bhávata	भवस्व bhávasva	भवेथाम् bhávethām	भवध्वम् bhávadhvam
3	भवतु bhávatu	भवताम् bhávatām	भवन्तु bhávantu	भवताम् bhávatām	भवेताम् bhávetām	भवन्ताम् bhávantām

740. The ending tana in 2d pl. act. is as rare in this whole conjugation as is thana in the present: the V. affords only bhajatana in the a-class (and nahyatana in the ya-class: 760 c). The ending tāt of 2d sing. act., on the other hand, is not rare; the RV. has avatāt, oṣatāt, dahatāt, bhavatāt, yacchatāt, yācatāt, rákṣatāt, vahatāt; to which AV. adds jinvatāt, dhāvatāt; and the Brāhmanas bring other examples. MS. has twice svadātu (parallel texts both times svadāti): compare similar cases in the á-class: 752 c.