900. a. Of exceptions may be noted: √mṛj has (as elsewhere: 627) vṛddhi instead of guṇa: thus, amārjiṣam; √stṛ has astarīs, and √çṛ has açarīt (also açarāit in AV.), with guṇa in active.
b. The root grabh or grah has (as in future etc., below, 936 e, 956) long ī instead of i before the sibilant: thus, agrabhīṣma, agrahīṣṭa, agrabhīṣata. The roots in changeable ṛ (so-called roots in ṝ: 242), and √vṛ are said by the grammarians to do the same optionally; but no forms with long ī from such roots have been found quotable. A Sūtra (PGS.) has once anayīṣṭa from √nī (doubtless a false reading).
901. The endings are as in the preceding formation (उस् us and अत ata in 3d pl.). But in 2d and 3d sing., the combinations iṣ-s and iṣ-t are from the earliest period of the language contracted into ईस् īs and ईत् īt.
a. The 2d pl. mid. should end always in iḍhvam (or iḍḍhvam, from iṣ-dhvam: 226); and this is in fact the form in the only examples quotable, namely ajaniḍhvam, artiḍhvam, āindhiḍhvam, vepiḍhvam; as to the rules of the native grammarians respecting the matter, see 226 c.
902. As examples of the inflection of the iṣ-aorist may be taken the roots पू pū cleanse, and बुध् budh wake. Thus:
active. | middle. | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
s. | d. | p. | s. | d. | p. | |
1 | अपाविषम् ápāviṣam |
अपाविष्व ápāviṣva |
अपाविष्म ápāviṣma |
अपविषि ápaviṣi |
अपविष्वहि ápaviṣvahi |
अपविष्महि ápaviṣmahi |
2 | अपावीस् ápāvīs |
अपाविष्टम् ápāviṣṭam |
अपाविष्ट ápāviṣṭa |
अपविष्ठास् ápaviṣṭhās |
अपविषाथाम् ápaviṣāthām |
अपविढ्वम् ápaviḍhvam |
3 | अपावीत् ápāvīt |
अपाविष्टाम् ápāviṣṭām |
अपाविषुस् ápāviṣus |
अपविष्ट ápaviṣṭa |
अपविषाताम् ápaviṣātām |
अपविषत ápaviṣata |
1 | अबोधिषम् ábodhiṣam |
अबोधिष्व ábodhiṣva |
अबोधिष्म ábodhiṣma |
अबोधिषि ábodhiṣi |
अबोधिष्वहि ábodhiṣvahi |
अबोधिष्महि ábodhiṣmahi |
etc. | etc. | etc. | etc. | etc. | etc. |
903. The number of roots from which forms of this aorist have been noted in the older language is nearly a hundred and fifty (in RV., about eighty; in AV., more than thirty, of which a dozen are additional to those in RV.); the later texts add less than twenty. Among these are no roots in ā; but otherwise they are of every variety of form (rarest in final i and ī). Active and middle persons are freely made, but sparingly from the same root; only about fifteen