Page:Scientific results HMS Challenger vol 18 part 1.djvu/666

(perradii), and reduced in the direction of the alternating rays (interradii). In some Astracturida the chambered arms exhibit a structure different from the more irregular chamber-work between them, so that we can distinguish the latter, connecting the arms like a web-membrane, as a peculiar "patagium" (as in many Porodiscida) (Pl. 38, figs. 8, 9). Often the distal ends of the chambered arms are armed with a radial spine (Pl. 38, figs. 5, 6, 9).

The Central Capsule of the Coccodiscida is originally always of the same form and shape as in their ancestral group, the Phacodiscida; a circular lenticular disk, which envelops the simple or double medullary shell and is enclosed by the cortical phacoid shell. But whilst in the Phacodiscida the phacoid shell envelops the central capsule perfectly, in the Coccodiscida it envelops only the capsule from the two flat sides (by the upper and lower sieve-plates); the marginal part of the lenticular capsule overgrows the margin of the phacoid shell by peripheral extension, and fills out the chambered cavity of the concentric girdles. In the Lithocyclida and the Stylocyclida, where there are no chambered arms, the central capsule remains a simple circular lens or disk; in the Astracturida, where chambered radial arms surround the margin of the circular central disk, the capsule enters also into these arms and fills out the greatest part of their chambered cavities.

Synopsis of the Genera of Coccodiscida.

I. Subfamily Lithocyclida. Margin of the disk simple, circular, without radial appendages.	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	Neither radial spines nor chambered arms on the circular margin.	$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$	Medullary shell simple,	196. Lithocyclia.
				Medullary shell double,	197. Coccodiscus.
II. Subfamily Stylocyclida. Margin of the disk armed with solid radial spines.	$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$	Two opposite spines.	$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$	Medullary shell simple,	198. Stylocyclia.
				Medullary shell double,	199. Amphicyclia.
		Three radial spines.		Medullary shell simple,	200. Trigonocyclia.
		Four crossed spines.		Medullary shell simple,	201. Staurocyclia.
		Five to ten or more radial spines.	$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$	Medullary shell simple,	202. Astrocyclia.
				Medullary shell double,	203. Coccocyclia.
III. Subfamily Astracturida. Margin of the disk with two to five or more (commonly three or four) hollow radial chambered arms (with or without a connecting patagium). (Medullary shell commonly simple.)	$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}$	Two arms, opposite in one axis.	$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$	Without patagium,	204. Diplactura.
				With patagium,	205. Amphiactura.
		Three radial arms (at equal distances).	$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$	Without patagium,	206. Trigonactura.
				With patagium,	207. Hymenactura.
		Four arms (in two crossed diameters).	$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$	Without patagium,	208. Astractura.
				With patagium,	209. Stauractura.
		Five radial arms (at variable distances).	$\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right.}$	Without patagium,	210. Pentactura.
				With patagium,	211. Echinactura.