2. Lonchostaurus lanceolatus, n. sp.
Four equatorial spines compressed, lanceolate, tapering equally from the middle towards the two ends; the two opposite spines of the longitudinal axis one and a half times as long as those of the transverse axis. Sixteen smaller spines compressed, linear, two-edged, half as long and only one-fourth as broad as the two longitudinal spines.
Dimensions.—Length of the equatorial cross 0.3, breadth 0.2.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 272, surface.
3. Lonchostaurus bifidus, n. sp.
Four equatorial spines compressed, nearly rectangular, forked, with two long and thin, bent, little divergent horns; the two opposite spines of the longitudinal axis about one-third longer and broader than those of the transverse axis. Sixteen smaller spines of the same form, also forked, but the eight tropical only half as large, and the eight polar spines scarcely one-fourth as large as the two longitudinal spines.
Dimensions.—Length of the equatorial cross 0.36, breadth 0.26.
Habitat.—South-west Pacific, Station 166, surface.
4. Lonchostaurus bifurcus, n. sp. (Pl. 131, fig. 4).
Four equatorial spines nearly rhomboidal, about one and a half times as large as the eight tropical and three times as large as the eight polar spines; the two opposite spines of the longitudinal axis only with two large divergent straight horns; the two spines of the transverse axis somewhat shorter, with four short horns (the two outer horns longer than the two inner). Eight tropical spines doubly forked, each with four thin bristle-shaped horns. Eight polar spines very short, each with two thin bristle-shaped, much divergent horns.
Dimensions.—Length of the equatorial cross 0.34, breadth 0.28.
Habitat.—North-west Pacific, Station 236, surface.
5. Lonchostaurus rhombicus, n. sp.
Four equatorial spines nearly rhomboidal, tapering from the broader middle towards the two ends. Leaf-cross of their base very large. The two opposite spines of the longitudinal axis about one-third larger than the two spines of the transverse axis. Eight tropical spines of the same form, but only half as large. Eight polar spines rudimentary, very short, conical.
Dimensions.—Length of the equatorial cross 0.4, breadth 0.3.
Habitat.—North Pacific, Station 253, surface.
6. Lonchostaurus crystallinus, n. sp. (Pl. 131, fig. 5).
Four equatorial spines lanceolate or rhomboidal, with broad leaf-cross at the base, of a peculiar crystalline structure and a lamellated surface, both opposite spines of the longitudinal axis twice as
