19. ZANE: THE FIVE AGES 641 Queen Adeliza, the young widow of Henry I., and with her obtained the castle and earldom of Arundel, the only earl- dom by tenure. The heiress of the de Albinis in the time of Henry II. married the son of John Fitz Alan, a judge in the king's court, and thus the earldom and castle of Arun- del passed to the Fitz Alans. Later, in the time of Edward III., the then Earl of Arundel by marriage acquired the title of Earl of Surrey and the estates of the Norman family of Warenne, whose first chief was the companion of the Con- queror and one of his chief justiciars. The great Earl of Arundel, who went to the block in Richard II.'s time, was the head of this mighty house. Still later the heiress of the Arundels married the Howard Duke of Norfolk. Singularly enough the Howards were descended from William Howard, a celebrated English serjeant at law, who, when the Year Books open, was in large practice in the courts. He rose to the bench (though he was not, as his tombstone records, a chief justice). His descendant, Sir Robert Howard, mar- ried the heiress of the Mowbrays, who held the Earl Marshal- ship of England hereditary in the Marshals. The sons of the great regent William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke, dying without male heirs, the dignity passed by marriage to the Bigots, Earls of Norfolk. From them by a special deed of the lands under the then new statute De Donis, these estates and dignities became vested in Edward I.'s son, Thomas of Brotherton. His heiress married a Mowbray ; the heiress of the Mowbrays married Sir Robert Howard ; and when the Howards obtained by marriage the titles and estates of the Arundel family in the reign of Elizabeth, all these honors of Warennes, de Albinis, Fitz Alans, Plantagenets, and Mow- brays had become united in the Howards. Perhaps we may credit this remarkable acquisitiveness through judicious mar- riages to the legal strain in the Fitz Alan Howards. Not only the Duke of Norfolk, premier peer of England, but the Earl of Suffolk and Berkshire, the Earl of Effingham, the Earl of Carlisle, and Lords Howard de Walden and Howard of Glossop, thus represent to-day the serjeant at law of Ed- ward I.'s reign. To return to the judges of Henry III.'s reign. Two of pb-
