Moreover, not only human beings, but birds, beasts, plants and trees, seas and mountains, and all other things whatsoever which deserve to be dreaded and revered for the extraordinary and pre-eminent powers which they possess, are called Kami. They need not be eminent for surpassing nobleness, goodness, or serviceableness alone. Malignant and uncanny beings are also called Kami if only they are the objects of general dread.[1] Among Kami who are human beings I need hardly mention first of all the successive Mikados—with reverence be it spoken...... Then there have been numerous examples of divine human beings, both in ancient and modern times, who, although not accepted by the nation generally, are treated as gods, each of his several dignity, in a single province, village, or family...... Amongst Kami who are not human beings I need hardly mention Thunder [in Japanese Naru kami or the Sounding God]. There are also the Dragon, the Echo [called in Japanese Ko-dama or the Tree Spirit], and the Fox, who are Kami by reason of their uncanny and fearful natures. The term Kami is applied in the Nihongi and Manyōshiu to the tiger and wolf. Izanagi gave to the fruit of the peach and to the jewels round his neck names which implied that they were Kami...... There are many cases of seas and mountains being called Kami. It is not their spirits which are meant. The word was applied directly to the seas[2] or mountains themselves as being very awful things." Hirata defines kami as a term which comprises all things strange, wondrous, and possessing isao or virtue. A recent
- ↑ Compare with this the following description of the huacas of the ancient Peruvians. "All those things which from their beauty and excellence are superior to other things of a like kind; things that are ugly and monstrous or that cause horror and fright; things out of the usual course of nature."
- ↑ In the spirit of Wordsworth's
"Listen, the mighty being is awake
And doth with his eternal motion make
A noise like thunder everlastingly."
