bound with metal and large-headed nails. A rod, set at right angles to a post or on the side of a building, is to be made stout enough to support the board, and to ornament it some scroll-work is attached at the top. Scroll ornaments decorate the sides and bottom of the board, also, and add greatly to its appearance. These are fastened on with steel-wire nails driven through holes made in the metal and into the edges of the board. Sign-boards vary in length, width, and thickness, and the number of letters to be placed on them will govern this.
The ornamental scroll-work should be made of somewhat thicker and wider iron strips than the more delicate articles for door use. If the sign is to be used outdoors, the iron should be given a coat of red lead and then one or two coats of black paint.
A Five-light Candlestick.
The design for a four-armed candelabrum, to hold five candles, is shown in Fig. 16.
Cut two sticks ¼ inch square and 10 inches long, and one 13 inches long; also a short piece 2 inches long.
At the middle of the 10-inch lengths cut laps as shown at A in Fig. 15, and bore a hole through the center and into an end of the long stick. Drive a slim nail down into the hole at the end of the stick, as shown at B, and over it place the cross-arms as shown at C. In one
Fig. 15. Details of the Five-light Candlestick
Fig. 14. A Candlestick. end of the short stick bore a hole and fit it over the top of the nail and drive it down so that it will fit securely on top of the cross-sticks, and the completed union will have the appearance of D. To this wood frame the scroll and ornamental work are to be attached.
Lay out the plan of one side of the grill-work on paper, making the distance from the stick to the outer edge of the foot about 4½ inches,
Fig. 16. A Five-light Candlestick. and the narrowest place (where the side curves in near the top) 1¾ inches in width. The scrolls should be securely bound to the wood frame with wire; and for candle-sockets five stars should be cut from the pattern given in Fig. 8, except that they had better be of six or
eight ears. They should be 2½ inches in diameter and bent to receive a standard-size candle.
A small screw passed through a hole in the center will fasten them to the wood arms; and when placing them the wood should pass entirely under each socket, as may be seen in the illustration. Canopy shades and holders should be made or purchased.
Fig. 16 shows two legs of the stand, the leg projecting toward the observer showing merely its edge, as the illustration does not show the candlestick in perspective. Of course there are two more candles than the cut shows, but to simplify the sketch they are omitted. Each of the four cross-arms has a candle.
