TRADE AND INDUSTRY.
389
increase of traffic. The total annual amount guaranteed by the Russian Government to railways on the 1st of January, 1870, was 23,700,000 roubles, or 3,504,000/. the portion guaranteed on opened lines being 2,798,000/.
The manufactures of Russia are comparatively of no great im- portance, although a notable impulse has been given to many of them since the end of the Crimean war. The following table gives a summary statement, after official returns, of the number of the principal manufactories, the value of their produce, and the number of persons employed by them in 1866 : —
Principal manufactories
Number
Value of produce
Number of persons employed
Sil. Roubles
Woollen cloth . . . . .
365
26,082,702
71,797
Other woollen goods .
120
6,364,193
13,031
Fine assorted woollen goods
51
4,653,790
7,242
Cotton yarn
35
26,111,093
21,711
Cotton manufactures
388
12,607,003
36,407
Linen manufactures
104
8,027,582
16,642
Hempen goods and cordage
147
4,300.952
5,055
Silk and trimming manufactories
326
5,483,944
8,957
Gold wares and epaulets
24
1,055,532
676
Paper, writing and other kinds
188
6,140,826
11,829
Tobacco and snuff
263
7.735.252
6,002
Linen yavn, dyed and twisted
348
21.193,472
22.723
Agricultural implements
970
9,438,753
5.723
Machinery ....
103
12,190,079
14,690
Sugar and molasses . .
432
31,081,501
54.980
Tallow ....
1,254
12,949,617
6,716
Stearine ....
13
5,701.859
1,761
Tanneries ....
2,508
16,564,417
12.169
Brandy distilleries
Total of principal and ot manufactories
her"!
1,446
52,302,079
30,790
15,453
325,859,664
464,610
The mining and metallurgic industries of the empire are among those Avhich have made the greatest progress in recent years. Vast establishments for producing machinery, tools, and other articles made of steel, iron, and copper have been founded in the Oural provinces, especially the governments of Orenbourg and Perm, which, served by skilful workmen, attracted from Germany, tend to exclude, at no distant period, the highly-taxed foreign goods of the same kind.
