686
JAVA.
all heathens and Mahometans being classed with natives. The former are generally under the laws of the dominant race, and the latter under the more stringent rules enacted for the government of the tribes held in subjection. The division of the whole population into two classes is a fundamental principle in the policy of the admi- nistration, and enacted in the code specifying the limits and con- ditions for future legislation in Netherlands' India. It is thereby- withdrawn from the competence of the Governor-General and all other local legislative powers, and entirely preserved from alteration, except by the paramount legislative authority of the King and States General of the Netherlands.
Trade and Commerce.
Almost the entire trade of Java is with the Netherlands, and there is comparatively little commercial intercourse with other countries.
The subjoined table gives the total value of merchandise and specie imported and exported at the Islands of Java and Madura, in each of the years 1862, 18G3, and 18G4 : —
Years
Imports of
Total Imports
Exports of
Total Exports
Merchandise
including Specie
Merchandise
including specie
1862. j Guil ders
44,349,193
46,243,633
43.077,737
51,970,233
3,695,766
3,853,636
3,589,811
4,330,853
1863. | Guilder J
41,783,983
45,239,213
42,815,396
50,847,439
3,481,998
3,769,934
3,567,949
4,237,286
, n „ . ( Guilders 1864 . | £
36,314,688
37,835,248
44,882,224
55,986,527
3,026.224
3,152,937
3,740,185
4,665,544
The principal articles of export from Java are sugar, coffee, rice, in- digo, and tobacco. The value of the sugar exported in 18(54 amounted to 20,350,965 guilders, of which 18,297,951 guilders went to the Netherlands. Of coffee, the exports in the same year amounted to 5,821,797 guilders ; of rice, to 4,443,644 ; of indigo, to 2,006,866, and of tobacco, to 1,812,638 guilders. With the exception of rice, about one-half of which was shipped for Borneo and China, nearly four-filths of these exports went to the Netherlands.
The subjoined table shows the value of the trade of Java with the United Kingdom in each of the five years 1865 to 1869: —
Tears
Exports from Java to Great Britain
Imports of British Home Produce into Java
1865 1866 1867 1868 1869
£
226
8,152
13,773
75,290
199,467
£
927,755
1,725,558
1,329,040
834,193
660,237
