DEFENCE
955
For the, year 1912 tl
e total revenue and expenditure were
as follows : —
Sources
Revenue
Branches
Expenditure
Drachmai
Drachmai
Direct taxes
24,100,001
Public debt
36,026.048
Duties and excise
56,023,001
Pensions ....
9,130,998
Stamps and dues
18,991,100
Civil list ....
1,325,000
Monopolies.
13,041,000
Chamber of Deputies .
701,340
State property, revenue
8,105,201
Ministries:
State property, sales .
772,100
Fore-gn Affairs
4,457,740
Post and Telegraph .
5,889,095
Justice ....
6,703,002
Various
13,076,046
Interior ....
17,754,648
Worsliip and Instruction War
6,133,795 21,530,947
Total ordinary
139,997,544
Extraordinary
4,121,101
Marine .... Commerce and Agricul-
8,801,339
ture ....
3,849,784
Finance ....
25,731,273
Various .... Total ....
563,606
Total ....
144,118,645
143,326,520
The outstanding external debt of Greece amounted on December 31, 1912, to 32,493, 360Z. The currency debt in December, 1911, stood at 160,225,845 paper drachmai. The estimated charge for the whole Greek debt in 1911 was 33,570,811 paper drachmai.
Defence.
Military service in Greece is compulsory and universal, with very few exemptions. It commences in the 21st year, and lasts for the long period of 36 years. The term of service in the active army, or first line, is 2 years, followed by 11 in the first reserve, and 9 years in the second reserve. The soldier then passes to the National Guard (^territorial army) for 7 years, and completes his service with 7 years in the reserve of ihis force Postpone- ments and reductions of service are permitted in certain cases, but are con- ditional on the payment of a tax. Men in excess of the annual con- tingent of recruits receive 6 months' training in the ranks, and are then transferred to the ' Liability ' reserve, which corresponds to the supplemen- tary reserve of other armies. To counterbalance the extra expense, a large proportion of the men in their 2nd year are regularly released before their full term has expired.
The field army is to consist of 4 divisions, each containing 3 regiments of 3 battalions, and 1 or 2 battalions of evzones (light infantry). There are four field artillery regiments of 26 batteries all told, and 2 regiments of mountain artillery of 8 batteries ; also 3 heavy batteries. There are 3 cavalry regiments of 16 squadrons all told, and two engineer regiments of 17 companies all told. Batteries have 4 guns. The total strength of the army in the field would be something over 80,000 men. The peace strength of the army was fixed at 1,888 officers and 22,0f)0 other ranks, for 1912,
On mobilisation the reserve is to form divisions corresponding to those of first line ; but at the present time all the reservists of the active army would apparently be required to bring units to war strength. The 'liability ' reserve, if not also absorbed by the first line, would be available to make good losses on Held service.
The territorial army is, of course, primarily intended for home defence, but it is understood that certain classes are liable to be drafted to the field army in time of war. The territorial army has no definite organisation at
