INSTRUCTION
985
(2) Secondary instruction— classical— is provided in the g/nnctfti and lice, the latter leading to the universities.
(3) Secondary instruction— technical. This is supplied by the technical schools, technical institutes, and institutes for the mercantile marine.
(4) Higher education is sjiipplied by the universities, by other higher institutes, and by special higher schools.
The total Budget of State funds by the Ministry of Public Instruction in 1912-13 was 5,618, 738Z. (of which 27,934Z. was extraordinary) ; as much more being provided by communes, provinces, foundations, &c.
In the last 46 years there has been an increase of 156 per cent, in school attendance.
Percentage of illiterates : —
Year
Over 6 Years
Over 20 Years
Male
Female
Male
Female
1862
68-11
1 81-31
65-5
81-5
1872
61-9
75-7
60-2
77-4
1882
54-6
69-3
53 9
72-9
1901
42-5
54-4
43-9
60-4
1 Over r, years (18G2).
According to the census of 1901 the smallest percentage of illiterates above six years was in Piedmont, 17 '7, and the largest in Calabria, 78-7. Since then there has been much improvement, and now there are ciroondari (arrondissements), e.g. Domodossola Pallanza, and Varallo in the province of Novara, and others in the provinces of Turin, Como,Cuneo, &c., where all young people twenty years of age can read and write.
Statistics of various classes of schools : —
Teachers
Pupils
^»
Number
Males
Females
Total
Asili for infants (1907-08) .
3,576
7,392
__
__
343,563
Public schools ,,
01,497
61,9441
—
—
3,002,168
Private do. ,, •
6,534
8,130
—
—
148,081
Evening, &c., do. „
4,783
—
148,233
34,140
182,373
Private 1909-10 :—
Normal schools
143
—
2
3,371
3,373
Ginuasi ....
ISG
—
7,496
143
7,639
Licei ....
57
—
1,207
—
1,207
Teclmical schools .
175
—
5,652
1,238
6,890
Technical institutes
25
—
892
14
906
Higher girls' or
Continuation schools,
&e. (1901-02).
233
1,906
—
9,347
9,347
Normal schools (1909-10) .
134
—
2,661
29,792
32,453
Ginnasi (1909-10) .
292
—
34,141
3,919
38,060
Licei ,,
159
—
13,050
690
13,740
Technical schools ,,
325
—
59,685
17,046
76,731
Tech. institutes ,,
77
—
17,813
1,586
19,3992
Mercantile marine
institutes .,
20
2,004
2,0043
1 Inclusive of 1,621 school directors.
2 Exclusive of 154 auditors and 3,178 pupils enrolled in evening courses.
3 Exclusive of 22 auditors-
