1158 PORTUGAL
Portuguese Guinea? on the coast of Senegambia, is bounded by tlie limits fixed by the convention of May 12, 1886, with France, and is entirely enclosed on the land side by French possessions. It includes the adjacent archipelago of Bijagoz, Avith the island of Bolama, in which the capital of the same name is situated. The chief commercial products are rubber, wax, oil seeds, ivory, hides. Estimated revenue, 1910-11, 309,900 milreis ; expenditure, 309,900 milreis. Military force not less than 247 (143 natives). Imports inil908, 857,155 milreis; exports, 492,238 milreis. The chief port is Bissau. The ports were visited in 1909 by 114 vessels of 130,426 tons, besides coasting trade. There are 100 miles of telegraph lines.
The islands of S. Thome and Principe constitute a province under a Governor. According to the census of November 12, 1900, the population is 42,103 (including 597 foreigners), 37,776 in S. Thome and 4,327 in Principe), and its distribution is as follows : whites, 1,185 (1,095 males and 90 females); coloured 279 (145 males and 134 females); and negroes 40,639 (21,881 males and 18,758 females). The islands are hilly, the soil volcanic, and the vegetation rich and various. The chief commercial products are cacao, coffee, rubber and cinchona. Estimated revenue, 1910-11, 930,429 milreis; expenditure, 703,315 milreis. Military force, at least 240 men (181 natives). Imports at S. Thome (1911), 3,197,830 milreis; exports, 9,896,000 milreis. The ports were visited in 1909 by 231 merchant vessels of 583,605 tons. On S. Thome a railway of 9 miles is open for traffic.
Angola,) with a coast-line of over 1,000 miles, is separated from French Congo by the boundaries assigned by the convention of May 12, 1886 ; from the Congo by those fixed by the convention of May 25, 1891 ; from British South Africa in accordance with the convention of June 11, 1891, and from German South-west Africa in accordance with that of December 30, 1886. This possession is under a Governor-General who resides at Loanda ; it is divided into six districts : Congo, Loanda, Benguella, Mossamedes, Huilla, and Lunda. The capital is S. Paulo de Loanda, other important towns being Cabinda, Ambriz, Novo Redondo, Benguella, Mossa- medes, and Port Alexander. There are said to be 52 Government schools, and 7 municipal and 2 private schools, with altogether about 2,410 pupils. Various missions are at work in the country. The military force varies between 2,721 men (1,976 natives) and 4,731 (3,602 natives). Estimated revenue in 1910-11, 2,321,373 milreis ; expenditure, 3,171,373 milreis. The chief products are coffee, rubber, wax, sugar (for rum distilleries), vegetable oils, coco-nuts, ivory, oxen, and fish. Rubber supplies are now becoming exhausted ; cotton -growing, formerly remunerative, has been neglected but is now increasing ; tobacco is grown and manufactured^^ for local consumption ; petroleum and asphalt are worked by a British syndicate. The province contains large quantities of malachite and copper, iron, petroleum, and salt. Gold has also been found. Imports, exclusive of Congo (1909), 5,674,861 milreis; exports, exclusive of Congo, 5,485,085 milreis. The imports and exports by the rivers Chiloango, Lualli, and LucuUa, in 1909, were respectively 104,662 milreis and 121,687 milreis. The chief imports of the province arc textiles, and the chief exports are coffee and rubber. Dried fish are exported in considerable quantities. The trade is largely with Portugal. In 1910 there entered the ports of Ambriz, Loanda, Benguella, Mossamedes and Lobito 479 vessels of 941,235 tons. The Portuguese National Navigation Company has most of the carrying trade to and from Europe; the steamers of 3 British lines and one German line visit ports of the Colony. The length of
