THE FEDERATED MALAY STATES
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Court of a Penghulii. The Conn of Appeal consists of two or more Jndicial Commissioners, the chief Jndicial Commissioner being President. There is a final appeal in civil matters to the Privy Conncil.
The nnmber of cases of mnrder, homicide, robbery, &c., reported in 1909, was 943, with 306 discoveries ; in 1910, 799, with 208 discoveries ; in 1911, 898, with 250 discoveries. The number of prisoners in gaol on December 31, 1911, was 1,259.
Efficient Government hospitals are established in all districts, with separate hospitals for Europeans, A very complete Institute of Medical Research has been established at Kuala Lumpur.
The revenue and expenditure of the States were as follows for 1910 and 1911 :
Revenue 1910
Perak Selangor . Negri Seuibilan Paliang
Total .
£
1,600,143
1,077,866
241,100
118,743
3,097,851
Expenditure 1910
Revenue 1911
£
1,407,066
913,710
2-27.630
204,765
£
2,226,509
1,525,227
293,115
132,241
Expenditure 1911
£
1,525,227
1,017,000
206,386
192,194
2,753,171
4,177,092
2,940,807
Leading items of revenue in 1911 were— customs, 1,319,870Z. ; land revenue (excluding land sales), 206,653^.; railway receipts, 821,308^.; licences, 1,117,017/.; forests, 70,485Z. ; and of expenditure — railways, 880,893Z. ; public works, 684,724/. Public debt nil. Estimated revenue in 1912 was 4,678,606/. Estimates, 1913- revenue, 4,280,000/. ; expenditure, 5,720,000/.
The staple cultivations of the Federated Malay States may be said to be coconuts, rice, rubber, sugar, tapioca, coti'ee, pepper, gambler, and nipah palms. The Krian irrigation works in Perak irrigate 70,000 acres of rice (padi) land and supply drinking water to the district. The canal is 21 miles long with 16i miles of branches and 188^ miles of distributory channels. The total area planted with rubber at the end of 1911 was 352,974 acres, and with coconuts, 142,774 acres. The forests produce excellent timber, besides gutta-percha, oils, resins, and canes. In 1911 the total quantity of timber and firewood taken from the forests, on which royalty was paid, was 412,568 tons ; of firewood, free of royalty, for use of mining, 295,048 tons. The gross revenue of the Forest Department for 1911 amounted to 70,485/. The duty on the export of tin forms the largest item of the revenue of the States on the West Coast. In 1911 the tin export amounted to 45,363 tons, to the value of 8,132,872/. sterling. In 1911, 9,228 ounces of gold were produced in the Federated Malay States. Besides gold and tin, many minerals are found, including lead, iron, copper, bismuth, mercury, arsenic, manganese, plumbago, silver, zinc, and coal.
The trade (excluding bullion and specie) was as follows in 1911 : —
Imports Exports
Perak
Sehingor
Negri Sembilan
Pahang
£ 3,424,649
6,480,232
£
3,523,551 5,534,883
£ 549,380 982,584
£
265,783 570,669
Total
£
7,763,363 13,568,368
Chief items of import, 1911 :— rice, 1,607,259/. ; opium, 801,352/. : live animals, 297,730/. ; tobacco and cigars, 343.515/. ; cotton piece goods, 283,382/. ; sugar, 150,759/. ; spirits, 152,189/. : petroleum, 138,650/. ; iron- ware, 210,907/. ; cycles, motor cars, kc, 154,542/. ; machinery, 218,327/.
