250 THE BRITISH EMPIRE: — CANADA
Summary of statistics of manufactures according to the Census of 1911;
Provinces
Establish- ments
Capital
Em- ployees
No.
Salaries and Wages
Value of products
No.
Dollars
Dollars
Dollars
Canada
19,218
1,247,583,609
515,203
241,008,416
1,165,975,639
Alberta
290
29,518,346
6,980
4,365,661
18,788,826
British Coluiubia
651
123,027,521
33,312
17,240,670
65,204,235
Manitoba
439
47,941,540
17,325
10,912,866
53,673,609
New Brunswick .
1,158
36,125,012
24,755
8,314,212
35,422,302
Nova Scotia,
1,480
79,596,341
28,795
10,628,955
52,700,184
Ontario
. 8,001
595,394,608
238,817
117,045,784
579,810,225
P. B. Island
442
2,013,305
3,762
531,017
3,136,470
Quebec
6,584
326,946,925
158,207
69,432,967
350,901,656
Saskatchewan
173
7,019,951
3,250
1,936,284
6,332,132
In 1910 there were 3,625 butter and cheese factories, and 11 factories for condensed milk and cream. Value of land, buildings and plant, 9,677,207 dollars ; persons employed, 6,513 ; amount paid for wages, 1,872,139 dollars ; thequantityof butter made, 63,860,812 lbs., value 15,744,998 dollais ;cheese, 221,427,087 lbs., value 21,667,174 dollars; condensed milk, creamy &c., 21,552,780 lbs., value 1,335,689 dollars; value of all dairy products, 38,747,861 in 1910, 35,457,543 dollars in 1907, 33,257,674 in 1905, and 29,731,922 in 1900.
Commerce.
The customs tariff of Canada is protective, but there is a preferential tariff in favour of the United Kingdom and most of the colonies ; the duties on direct imports from the United Kingdom and the colonies, &c. , being reduced, but alcoholic liquors, liquid medicines, tobacco, and refined sugar from raw sugar produced elsewhere than in British colonies, are excluded from the reduction.
The returns of values of imports and exports are those supplied in entries at the Customs, where imports must be entered for duty at their fair market value as for home consumption in the country of purchase. Quantities are ascertained from invoices and by examination, wines are gauged and spirits tested. The counti-y of origin of imports is the country of purchase or whence shipment wps made to Canada ; the country of destination is that to which shipment is made. Thus, Canadian wheat, purchased by New York dealers shipped to and entered in bond at New York, and thence exported to Great Britian, would appear only as exported from Canada to the United States. The only Canadian port where transit trade is recorded is Montreal, such trade comprising chiefly goods received from the United States and transhipped to other countries by the St. Lawrence route. Transit trade is not included in the general trade, which comprises all other imports into and exports from Canada. The term " special trade," in Canada, is applied to imports from Newfoi:nd- land which are exempt from duties leviable on similar goods from other countries.
Tlie accuracy of the statistical results may at times be affected by fraudulent misde- scription or undervaluation by importers, and by the adoption of "sight entries" which, under the Customs Act, may be passed when importers declare on oath that, for want of full information, they cannot make a perfect entry. In such circumstances the goods may be landed, examined, and (a sum being deposited sufficient, inthe collector's opinion, to pay the duty) delivered to the importer. A time is fixed within which a perfect entry should be made, but when this time has elapse the deposit is held as payment of the duty, and the provisional valuation, which may be only approximate, is not corrected. All export entries are delivered at the ' frontier port of fxir,' and the totals thereof are credited to the respective ports where the goods pass ontward from Canada.
On April 9, 1912, a trade agreement providing for preference treatment between the two parties, was signed between Canada and the "West Indies, to last over a term of yenrs and to come into operation on January 1, 1913.
Kxports and imports, entered for home consumption in the Dominion, (4-86| dollars = £1):—
