436
UNITED STATES : — CALIFORNIA
Industries
Cement .... Canning and preserving Copper and tin pi-oducts Flour milling . Lumber and timber Petroleum refinery .
Capital i Wage-earners
Dollars
24,014,000 18,316,000 7,180,000 13,424,000 55,165,000 13,881,000
Number
2,407 7,757 1,938
948 22,935
030
Raw materia)
Dollars
2,1S2,000 24,009,000
3,505,000 21,892.000 18,369,000 13,898,000
Outuut
Dollars
6,564,000 32,015,000
6,804,000 25,188,000
4,500,000 17,878,000
The lack of an abundant supply of coal for fuel has been a drawback to manufacturing progress, but this is being overcome through the abundance and cheapness of petroleum, which has taken the place of coal in practi- cally all industrial establishments. At the same time there has been a great development of long-distance electric-power transmission. California has great numbers of torrential mountain streams, which are utilised to generate electricity, which is transmitted a hundred or a hundred and fifty miles to the coast cities.
The coast and river fisheries are important, giving employment to 5,000 persons. A year's catch is thirty to forty million pounds, worth about 4,000,000 dollars. Salmon is the most valuable variety of fish taken, but as many as one hundred and thirty diflferent varieties of fish are found in the markets of San Francisco.
Commerce and Transportation.— The chief commercial port of
California is San Francisco, through which in 1910-11 the imports amounted to the value of 11,682,3.59^., and the exports to 9,217, 806^. Amoug the domestic exports are dairy products and eggs, hops, and lumber. In 1910-11 494 steam vessels of an aggregate tonnage amounting to 1,430,536 tons entered the port and 502 vessels of 1,392,731 tons cleared. The trade with China, Japan, and the Australasian Islands is conducted by several lines of steamers, British, German, and Japanese, and there is keen competition for the Pacific trade.
Railways have been built in California to the extent of 7,771 miles (1910) for steam roads and about 2,530 miles for electric railways. San Francisco is now the terminus of four trans-continental railways.
British Coiisul-Gcneral at San Francisco. — A. C. Ross, C. B.
British Consul. — Wellesley Moore.
There are British Vice-Consuls at San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Die^o.
Books of Reference.
Reports of the various departments of State Government. Annual Reports of the State Board of Trade, San Francisco.
l^eports of the California State Agricultural Society, Sacrameuto
Reports of the Chamber of Commerce of San Francisco. San Francisco.
Greenhow (R.), History of Oregon and California. London, 1844.
Hanson, The American Italv. Chicago 1896.
Hittell (T. H.), History of California. San Francisco, 1885-95.
Johnson (A. T.), California. An Englishman's Impressions of the Golden State. London, 1913.
ifo)/ce (J.), California. [In 'American Commonwealth's' Scries.] New York.
