486 UNtTED STATES: — MICHIGAN
and secoiul track, surface and elevated) within the State was 2,721 miles. The elevated track is confined to Boston.
On September 1, 1911, there were 188 national banks in operation in the State, of which 17 were in Boston. The total assets of the 188 National banks amounted to 544,867,821 dollars. On October 3], 1911, there were in operation in the State 192 savings-banks with assets of 862,534,063 dollars and 160 co-operative banks with assets of 67,573, 381 dollars, and 62 trust companies having an aggregate capital on December 5, 1911, of 23,038,000 dollars. For many years there have been no State banks, strictly so-called, in Massachusetts. The total clearings of the Boston Clearing House during the calendar j^ear, 1911, amounted to 8,339,718,552 dollars.
British Consul- General at Bosto7i. — Frederick P. Leay.
VicG-Consuls. — John E. Bell, John B. Masson.
Books of Reference.
The Reports of the various Executive Departments of the State.
Manual of the General Court, 1912. By Clerk of the Senate, and Clerk of the House of Representatives. Annual, Boston, Mass.
Adams (Charles F., Jr.), Three Episodes of Massachusetts History (2 Vols.), Boston, 1892.
Barry (John S.), History of Massachusetts. (3 vols.) Boston, 1857.
Bradford (A.), History of Massachusetts, 1764-1820. (3 vo's.) Boston, 1829.
Fiskc (John), The Beginnings of New England. Boston, 1889.
Qriiffis (William E.), Massachusetts, A T\pical American Commonwealth, 1893.
Hale (E.), The Story of Massachusetts. " Boston, 1891.
Oliver (Peter), The Puritan Coiiimonwealth : An Historical Review of the Puritan Government in Massachusetts. Boston, 1856.
Palfrey (J. G.), History of New Bugland. Boston, Mass., 1858-90.
S/mrfJe^\ Nathaniel B.), Topographical and Historical Description of Boston. Boston, 1871.
TFinsor (Justin), Memorial History of Boston. 1630-lSSO, (4 vols.) Boston, 1881.
Various papers published by the Massachusetts Historical Society.
MICHIGAN.
Government. — According to the revised constitution adopted in 1908 the legislative authority is vested in a Senate of 32 members elected by the counties or gi'oups of counties for 2 years, and a House of Representatives of 100 members, the electoral districts being re-arranged according to population every 10 years. Electors are male citizens over 21 years of age resident in the State for 6 months next preceding the election, and resident at the time of the election in the district, county, or township for which the election is held.
The State is represented in Congress by 2 Senators and 13 Representa- tives.
Governor. — Woodbridge N. Ferris, 1913-15 (5,000 dollars).
Secretary of State. — Frederick C. Martindale.
For local government the State is organised in counties, cities, townships, and villages. There are 83 counties, each of which is a corporate body with a Board of Su])ei'viRors as its administrative authority. Cities must have each a population of not less than 3,000, butu few which have been long incorporated have a ."^mailer population. Cities hereafter incorporated must have at least 2,000 inhabitants and 500 persons per square mile. Villages in the legal sense have a population of at least 300 within an area of a square mile. The State Capital is Lansing.
