PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRY
527
9,760,000 bushels ; oats, 93,280,000 bushels. The area under tobacco (86,200 acres in 1912), yielded 79,304,000 ^jounds. Beet sugar is produced. Horse- rearing, cattle-breeding, and dairy farming are important. In 1910 the live-stock in the State was estimated at 977,000 horses, 22,000 mules 947,000 milk cows, and 978,000 other cattle, 3,203,000 sheep, and 2,047,000 swine. The wool clip in 1911 yielded 18,850,000 pounds of wool, valued at 4,429,750 dollars. The farm products and live-stock industries give rise to the manufacture of butter and cheese, and the meat-packing in- dustries.
Ohio has also extensive mineral resources. Its coal fields have an area of about 12,000 square miles, and provide employment for 50,000 miners. In 1911 the output of coal amounted to 30, 759, 986 short tons, valued at 31, 810, 123 dollars. The output of iron ore in the State amounted to 16,697 long tons. With coal is associated petroleum, the output of which amounted to 8,817,112 barrels (of 42 gallons), valued at 9,479,542 dollars. At the same time natural gas was produced in the State to the value of 9,367,347 dollars. From quarries sandstone and limestone were produced to the value of 5,796,829 dollars. Portland cement was manufactured to the amount of 1,488,074 barrels, valued at 1,248,109 dollars. Another product of the State is salt, of which, in 1911, 4,302,507 barrels were extracted, valued at 1,100,453 dollars. The output of the clay- working industries (bricks, tiles, pottery) amounted to the value of 32,663,895 dollars; the outj)ut of lime was valued at 1,607,524 dollars ; other mineral products were grindstones, pulpstones, oilstones, and scythestones, besides mineral Avaters. Value of total mineral output, excluding 5,371,378 long tons of pig iron (73,484,592 dollars), in 1911, 97,090,284 dollars.
In 1910 the capital invested in manufacturing industries in the State was 866,898,083 dollars ; the amount paid in salaries and wages Avas 228,984,923 dollars; the raAv material used cost 529,893,658 dollars, and the value of the output was 960,799,991 dollars. The value of the corresponding output in 1900 was 748,670,855 dollars. In 1905 the chief manufacturing industries, according to the census results, were as follows : —
Industries
Iron and steel .
Foundry and machine shop
Flour and grist .
Slaughtering
Boots and shoes
Liquors
Carriages and wagons, &c.
Clay products .
Clothing .
Lumber, timber, planing, <fec.
Rubber goods .
Printing and Publishing .
Capital
Wage- earners
Dollars
Number
130,601,846
33,190
108,730,473
49,719
14,931,065
2,700
6,357,135
2,237
10,230,015
13,890
41,000,836
4,568
26,798,280
28,053
38,408,918
22,638
16,776,631
12,935
23,151,695
12,247
11,654,287
4,815
23,249.302
12,134
Cost of Materials
Output
Dollars 110,686,497 39,133,431 35,626,232 25,022,324 14,557,515 lC,„-57,405 23,080,723
6,455,844 16,230,135 16,173,790 10,225,800
7,633,622
Dollars
152,859,124 94,507,691 40,855,566 28,729.044 25,140,220 38,392.367 45,430,727 25,686,870 31,299,755 30,293,703 15,963,603 28,206,648
The railways of the State in 1910 had a length of 9, 145 miles, besides 2,647 miles of electric railway track. Ohio has also facilities for traffic by water, and its most important city, Cleveland, has sprung up on the shore of Lake Erie.
