CHARITY — FINANCE, DEFENCE — PRODUCTION, ETC. 531
4,210 Irish, 2,789 Nonvegian. The Indian reservations in 1905 comprised 1,991 sq. miles with a population of 3,913 Indians.
The largest town is Portland, Avith a population of 207,214 in 1910 ; Astoria, 9,599 ; Salem, 14,094 : Eugene, 9,009.
The chief religious bodies in the State are (in order of strength) Catholic, Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, Disciples of Christ, and Congi'egational denominations.
School attendance is compulsory for the full school term for children 8 to 14 years of age. In 1910 the public elementary schools had 4,241 teachers and 109,383 enrolled pupils, and 179 public high schools had 493 teachers and 8,939 pupils ; and the two public normal schools had in 1910 29 teachers and 416 pupils. The State supports an Agricultural College, which has 89 professors and 1,591 students, and a University, known as the University of Oregon, organised in 1872. In 1910 it had 102 professors and 874 students. There are also Methodist, Presbyterian, Catholic, Congregational, and Baptist Colleges.
Charity. — Ii^ Oregon (apart from almshouses and asylums for the insane, &c. ) there are 22 benevolent institutions, comprising State schools for the deaf, for the blind, and for the feeble minded ; also a State Tuberculosis Sanatorium, six hospitals, one dispensary and five orj^hanages. County courts have superintendence of county poor, and may establish a workhouse. Parents, grand-pareiits, children, grand-children, brothers and sisters of a pauper are liable for his support. Failing this source of supply, if the applicant has resided in the county during the preceding three months he becomes a public charge. There is a penalty of 100 dollars for bringing paupers into a county where they have no legal settlement.
Finance, Defence. — The receipts and disbursements of the General Fund of the State, and of all the funds of the State in the biennial period ending September 30, 1912, were : —
Dollars
Balance, Oct. 1, 1910 424,913
Receipts, 1910-12 8,307,182
Total 8,732,095
Disbursements, 1910-12 7,738,359
Balance, Sept. 30, 1912 993,736
The State has no bonded debt. In 1910 the assessed value of taxable pro- perty, as equalised, was 844,887,708 dollars.
The Militia, or National Guard, consists of cavalry, artillery, infantry, with signal, hospital, and engineer corps ; total strength (1910), 112 officers and 1,457 men. The headquarters are at Portland.
Production and Industry. — Oregon is one of the semi-arid States. In the river valley west of the Cascades there is a good rainfall and almost every variety of crop common to the temperate zone is grown. East of the Cascades lack of rainfall has been to some extent compensated for by
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