CHARITY — FINANCE, DEFENCE 561
In 1910 the population included 658,550 males and 483,340 females ; 241,227 were of foreign birth ; 6,058 were negroes ; 10,997 Indians ; 2,706 Chinese, and 12,886 Japanese.
The foreign-born numbered 111,364, of whom 15,613 were British, 7,262 Irish, 20,284 Canadian, 16,686 German, 22,628 Scandinavian, others being Danish, Russian, Italian, Swiss, and French, There are 18 Indian reserva- tions with a total area of 3,642 square miles, the largest being that of Coleville, which contains 2,031 square miles.
The principal cities are Seattle, which, according to the census of 1910, contained 237,194 inhabitants; Tacoma, 83,734; Spokane, 104,402; Bellingham, 24,498; Everett, 24,814; Walla Walla, 19,364; Olympia, 6,996.
The prevailing forms of religion in the State are Catholic, Methodist, Presbyterian, Lutheran, and Baptist. In the public schools formal religious teaching, or regular reading from the Bible is not permitted, but moral training is given and moral principles inculcated. Education is given free, and compulsory for children from 7 to 15 years of age. In 1910 public ele- mentary schools werf^ taught by 7,170 teachers and attended by 215,688 children; 307 public nigh schools had 732 teachers and 19,928 pupils. In 1910 three State normal schools had 35 teachers and 813 students.
The University of Washington near Seattle, had, in 1910, 113 pro- fessors and teachers and 2,156 students. The State College at Pullman for science and agriculture had 71 professors or teachers and 1,045 students. Gonzaga College (R.C.) at Spokane has 31 professors and 543 students; Whitman College (Cong.) at Walla Walla has 34 professors and 413 students.
Charity. — In criminal cases there is trial by jury. For the 2 years ending September 30, 1910, the average daily population of each of the State charitable, penal, and reformatory institutions was : W. Washington Hospital for the Insane, 1,287 ; E. Hospital for the Insane, 681 ; Penitentiary, 831 ; State Training School, 233 ; Soldiers' Home, 365 ; school for deaf and blind, 127 ; Institution for the Feeble-minded, 158 ; State Reformatory, 71 ; Washington Veterans' Home, 127. There are also 40 institutions (24 hospitals, 8 orphanages, and 8 homes) provided by private charity or by religious bodies. County commissioners have the care of the poor in their counties, except in incorporated towns, which by their charter have power respecting the poor. They may provide for the poor either by contract or by their own agents. Parents, grand -parents, children, grand-children, brothers and sisters of a pauper are liable for his support. Six months' residence preceding application entitles to county poor relief, but provision is made for aid to non-residents. It is a penal offence to bring non-resident paupers into a county. County commissioners may establish poor-houses.
Finance, Defence.— For the biennial period ending September 30, 1912, the cost of the Government of the State of Washington amounted to 7,521,509 dollars. Of this amount 3,444,415 dollars was provided from ihe State General Fund and the remainder from funds for special purposes, mostly educational.
The assessed valuation of real and personal property in 1910 amounted to 789,912,997 dollars ; of railway roads, 100,157,754 dollars ; electric rail- Avays, 15,878,348 dollars ; telegraph, 298,845 dollars ; total, 906,247,944 dollars. The outstanding bonded debt was paid off in 1911. The true or actual value of all property within the State in 1910 was : —
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