POLITICAL RELATIONS 611
Nephews of the Emperor are the two sons of the late Archduke Otto (d. Nov. 1, 1906) and Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony ; Karl Franz Josef, born Aug. 17, 1887, married October 21, 1911, to Princess Zita of Parma ; and Maximilian, born April 13, 1895.
The imperial and royal family descends from Rudolf of Habsburg, a German Count, born 1218, who was elected King of the Romans in 1273. In 1282 he bestowed the Duchy of Austria upon his son Albrecht, after- wards Roman Emperor. The male line died out in 1740 with Emperor Karl VI. ^III. in Hungary), whose only daughter, Maria Theresa, gave her hand (1736) to Duke Franz of Lorraine and Tuscany, afterwards Kaiser Franz I. of the House of Lorraine, who thereby became the founder of the new line of Habsburg-Lorraine. Maria Theresa was succeeded, in 1780, by her son Joseph II., who, dying in 1790, was succeeded by his brother Leopold II., at whose death, in 1792, his son Franz II. (I. in Hungary) ascended the Imperial throne. He reigned till 1835, and, having been married four times, left a large family, whose descendants form the present Imperial House. Franz was the first sovereign who assumed the title of Emperor, or ' Kaiser, ' of Austria, on being compelled by Napoleon, in 1806, to renounce the imperial crown of Rome, for more than three centuries practically in the Habsburg family. For about two years, however, he had already coupled Avith his title of Emperor of the Romans that of Hereditary Emperor of Austria. Franz I., as he now called himself, was succeeded by his son. Emperor Ferdinand I. (V. as King of Hungary), on whose abdication, Dec. 2, 1848, the crown fell to his nephew, the present Emperor- King Franz Josef I.
The present Emperor-King has a civil list of 22,600,000 crowns: one moiety of this sum, 11,300,000 crowns, is paid to him as Emperor of Austria, out of the revenues of Austria, and the other moiety as King of Hungary, out of the revenues of Hungary.
The following is a list of the Habsburg rulers of Austria (Dukes and from 1453 Archdukes of Austria, from 1526 also Kings of Hungary and Bohemia, from 1804 Emperors of Austria).
House of Habsburg.
Albrecht 1 1282
- Rudolf II 1282
- Rudolf III 1293
Friedrich (III. as rival Imperial
claimant) 1307
- Leopold 1 1314
- Albrecht II 1314
^Rudolf IV 1358
- Albrecht III 1365
- Albrecht IV 1395
Albrecht V. (II. as Emperor, King
of Hungary and Bohemia). . 1404
- Ladislaus (King of Hungary and
Bohemia) 1439
Friedrich V. (III. as Emperor) . 1457
Maximilian 1 1493
Karl I, (V. as Emperor) . . 1519
Ferdinand 1 1520
Maximilian II. .... 1564
Rudolf V. (II. as Emperor) . . 1576
Matthias 1611
Ferdinand II 1619
Ferdinand III 1637
Leopold 1 1658
Joseph I . 1705
Karl II. (VI. as Emperor, III. of
Hungary) 1711
- Maria Theresa 1740
House of Habsburg-Lorraine.
Joseph II 1780
Leopold II. . . . '. . 1790
Franz I. (II. as Emperor) . . 1792
^Ferdinand I. (V. of Hungary) . 1835
- Franz Josef 1 1848
All except those marked with an asterisk likewise filled the throne of the Holy Roman Empire.
Political Relations between Austria and Hungary.
Austria and Hungary or, as in international relations they are otticially called, the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, consists of two States, the Austrian Empire and the Hungarian Kingdom. The relation between the two States in its present form was fully regulated by the so-called
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