•rocco 1083
Books of Rkfrriv
Baedekers Southern France. 0th e'l. Leipxlg, 19U.
Boyer de Ste. Suwanne (R. te), La Principaute de Monaco. Pari*, 1884.
Franee(H.), An Pays de Uoeapie : La Principa'i!- de Monaco. ParU, 1901.
Ham- ce, 1388.
Saige(G.), Monaco, aes Origrnes et sun HisKiir. Paris. .
Scha'iTer (P.), Les Ioatituti.»na ft le* Loia de la Principaute de Monaco. Monaco, 1876.
. A.), Monaco aud Monte Carlo. London, 1912. '/"■■xi'I iL.), Monaco. Paria, 190ft.
MOROCCO.
Mashkib-xl-Akba.— Sl Ghakb. ) Reigning Sultan.
Mulai Yusef, G.C.M.Q., son of Mulai-Hassan, was proclaimed Sultan on Au?'»st 18, 1^12, on the abdication of hi» brother, SulUn Mulai-Abd-el-Hafid, who received a lump sum of 400,000 francs and an annnal pension of 350.000 francs.
The present Sultan of Morocco is the seventeenth of the dynasty of the Alides, founded by Mulai-Ahmed, and the thirty-siith lineal descendant of AH, uncle and son-in-law of the Prophet. His fire predecessors were : —
Snltan Reign Sultan Reiga
Mnlai-Abderrahman . 1822-1859 Mulai- Abd-e! -Axis . 1894-1908
Sidi-Mohamed . 1859-1873 Mulai-Abd-el-Hafid . 1908-1912
Mulai-Hassan . 1873-1894
The Sherifian umbrella is hereditary in the family of the Filaii Sharif* of Tafilelt. Each Sultan is supposed, prior to death, to indicate the member of the Sherifian family who, according to his conscientious belief, will best replace him. This succession is, however, elective, and all members of the Sherifian family are eligible. Generally the late Sultan's nominee is elected by public acclamation at noonday prayers the Friday after the Sultan's death, as the nominee has probably possession of imperial treasure, and is supported by the bodyguard, from among whom the large majority of court official* are selected.
Government.
In April, 1912, a treaty was signed at Fez by which the Sultan formally accepted the French Protectorate.
The form of governmentof the Sultanate, or Empire of Morocco, is in reality an absolute despotism, unrestricted by any laws, civil or religious. The Sultan — who is known to his subjects under the title of ' Emir-el-Mumenin,' or Prince of True Believers — is chief of the State, as well as head of the religion. As spiritual ruler, the Sultan stands quite alone, his authority not being limited, as in Turkey and other conntries following the religion of Mahomet, by the expounders of the Koran, the class of ' Ulema,' under the ' Sheik-ul- Islam.' Since the establishment of the French Protectorate, however, the
