PAUPERISM AND SOCIAL INSURANCE— FINANCE
1101
1918 in the 6 State reformatories was: 1,327, 1,394 boys, and 116, 1 1 S girls ; in the 5 disciplinary schools : 880, 1,145 boys, and 158, 173 girls.
There are both State and communal police. The State police consists«of field- constables and cavalry. The former are spread over the country, the latter guard the frontiers (eastern and southern). The cavalry police (marechansse) num- bers about 25 officers and about 1,018 men. There are about 1,339 — appointed and paid by the Government — field-constables, divided into numerous brigades. Besides each commune has its own field -constables or police force.
Pauperism and Social Insurance.
The relief of the poor is largely effected by the religious societies and organised private charity. The State docs not interfere, except when no relief is to be obtained from private charity ; in that case the pau|>er must l>e supported by the commune where he is living. There is no poor rate in the Netherlands. Mendicity and vagabondage are treated as offences, and persons so convicted can be placed in a State-work establishment. Workhouses for the poor are found in very few communes.
Number of poor relieved in the Kingdom during the year 1918 : — Heads of families, 183,607; other persons, 53,338; lunatics and idiot*, 14,113; women in child-bed, 7,891 ; in asylums (almshouses), 68,862 ; in hospitals, 79.497 ; in workhouses, 3,925.
The amount spent on outdoor relief in 1918 was 21,526,937 florins, for lunatics and idiots 7,399,534 florins, for maternity cases 63,672 florins, for asylums 11,389,607 florins, for hospitals 8,671,102 florins, and for work- houses 274,227 florins.
On September 19, 1916, a Government scheme for unemployment iinsnrance was set up in Holland.
Finance. The revenue and expenditure in five years were (12 gnilders = £l): —
Revenue.
Year
Ordinary
Extraord. (loans, Ac.)
Total
Guilder*
Guilder*
Guilders
19U
-1,000
41,848,000
1916
329,193,000
30,347,000
■ -
191V 1
164,893,000
89,917,000
594,S10,000
191SI
5S7,6S1,000
3,000
4i<4,000
19191
715,498,000
44,593,000
760,091,000
EXPENDITUKE.
Tear
General
Debt
Defence
Extraordinary
Total
Guilders
Guilders
Guilders
Guilders
Guilders
22,000
1915
166.629,000
48,226,000
242.694,000
70,971,000
1916
172.S97.0OO
73,099,000
283,351,000
53,246,000
582,093,000
1917 1
r.ooo
o.noo
314,930,000
65,291,000
748,984,000
1*18 >
M1.S76.000
•".000
36i,040,000
117,724,000
1,101,152,000
19191
600,648,000
114,021,000
164,683,000
- S,000
"6,000
1 Provisional.
