1190
POLAND
The following table shows for the districts named the area and crop of the principal agricultural products in 1919 and 1920 : —
Districts t Years
ConnressPoland
1919
1920
Western Galicia
1919
1920
Eastern Galicia :
1919
1920
Former Prussian Poland :
1919
1920
Grand Total :
1919
1920
Wheat
Area
1,000 Hec- tares 268 363
125 130
140 260
599 827
Crop
1 ,000 Metric tons 273 315
94 102
Rye
Area
1,000 Hec- tares 1,844 1,731
285 244
137 i 280 185 | 413
106 95
603
697
1,000 915
Crop
1,000 Metric
tons 1,702 1,013
220 139
200 210
1,300 723
3,409 3,422 3,303 ; 2,085
Barley
Area Crop
1.000 Hec- tares 342 322
9C
103
40
228
185
188
663 841
1,000 Metric tons
392
335
35
190
2S7 256
782 878
Area I Crop
Potatoes Area Crop
1.000 Hec- tares 648
847
235 233
70 344
215 224
1,168 1,645
1 000 i 1,000 1,000
Metric Htc- Metric
ons tares tons
765 7C0 6,985
9.493
187 24S
60
319
170 909
ISO 1,906
80 266
31S 375
325 378
1,330 1,870
570 3,193
4,444 4,546
1,686 12, Pi is
1,671 19,138
Other important crops are sugar (168,000 tons in 1920-21) beet, hemp, hops, tobacco and chicory.
On July 16, 1920, a law was passed by the Sejm by which it wa-i decided to limit the size of the larger estates, and to diminish the size of holdings situated in the neighbourhood of large towns. The first measures for putting this law into practice are now being taken. The maximum has been fixed at 60 hectares for estates situated in industrial districts, at 400 hectares for Posen, Podolia, Volhynia, &c, and at 180 hectares for the other parts of the Polish Republic.
In 1912 Poland possessed 2,847,000 horses, 6,918,000 cattle, 2,389,000 sheep, and 6,185,000 pigs.
Industry. — There are four industrial centres in Poland, viz., Warsaw, Lodz, Dabrowa, and Czestochowa.
The damage done to the coal industry by the Germans during the occu- pation of Poland has for the present greatly lowered the output and seriously allected other industries. The total output of coal in Congress Poland and Galicia in 1919 was 6,145,027 tons, only 68 per cent, of the output in 1913 ; of brown coal 173,000 tons, or 112 per cent, as compared with 1913. The output of ore in 1919 was 830,640 tons, as compared with 107,000 in 1913. The output of iron and steel in 1919 was 16,180 tons. In March, 1920, there were 8 furnaces, with a monthly output of 9,700 tons, compared with 42 furnaces aud a monthly output of 87,000 tons in 1913 : rolling mills in March, 1920 : 4 rolling mills, with monthly output of 2,400 tons, as compared with 9 in 1913, and output of 39,000 tons. The production of mineral salt in 1920 was 282.673 tons ; the supply is said to be nearly inexhaustible; the production of rock oil in Galicia in 1910 was 1,766,000 tons ; of potassium salts in Galicia in 1911, 37,000 tons. Galicia produces about 5 per cent, of the total petroleum output oi the world. In the textile industry in 1920 there were 485 works, with 750,580 spindles aud 12,922 looms, employing 40,800 workmen. Other important industries are paper manufactures of vat ions kinds, and the chief that of paper hag products, which are gradually recovering from the effects of t lie war. In 1920 only 34 per cent, of the workmen employed before the war were at work.
