1196
PORTUGAL
Movement of the Population.
Births, deaths, and marriages (including the Azores and Madeira) for 3 years : —
Tears
Births
Deaths
Marriages
Emigrants
1915 1916 1917
196,194 193,016 190,485
122,647 129,215 134,691
38,069 36,637 34,210
19,298 24,897 15,825
Portuguese emigration is chiefly to Brazil and the United States. Religion.
There is freedom of worship in Portugal ; the predominant faith is the Roman Catholic. Portugal, including the Azores and Madeira, is divided into three ecclesiastical provinces, with their sees severally at Lisbon, Braga and Evora. The Archbishop of Lisbon (Patriarch since 1716) has seven suffragans, of whom only two are on the European mainland ; while the Archbishop of Braga (the oldest see in Portugal) has five, and the Archbishop of Evora two. The Azores, Madeira, and the Portuguese colonial possessions of "West Africa, continental and insular, with five episcopal sees, constitute part of the ecclesiastical province of Lisbon. In East Africa there is also the province of Mozambique. In Asia there is a province of Goa with four suffragan sees (Macao included).
The total income of the upper hierarchy of the Church is calculated to amount to 300,000 milreis. In 1900 the number of Protestants in Portugal was 4,491, and that of Jews 481. The Republican government has separated the Church from the State, and State payments for the maintenance and expenses of worship have now ceased. The conventual establishments of Portugal were suppressed by decree of May 28, 1834, and their property confiscated for the benefit of the State. Notwithstanding, several estab- lishments of this nature were formed in later years ; they were suppressed by the provisional government, which enforced the law of 1834.
Instruction.
Education in Portugal is of throe kiuds — primary, secondary, higher and special. Primary education is compulsory, and is rigorously enforced by a decree of the Provisional Government of March 29, 1911. In 1915 there were 6,706 public elementary schools with 342,763 pupils (203,374 males, 139,389 females). In 1919 there were 32 secondary schools (with 11,791 pupils in 1917). For higher education there are 3 Universities, at Lisbon (founded in 1858), Coimbra (founded 1290), and Oporto. The Technical School at Lisbon provides instruction in engineering, chemistry, etc. There are also special colleges for music, art (Lisbon and Oporto), commercial schools, a military academy at Lisbon, and a naval school.
Justice and Crime.
The Republic is divided for judicial purposes into 198 coniarcas ; in every comarca there is a court of first instance. There are two courts of appeal (Tribunaes deRelacao) at Lisbon and Oporto, and a Supreme Court in Lisbon,
