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ROME, SEE AND CHURCH OF.
For many ages until Pius IX. 's reign, with some comparatively short breaks, the Popes or Roman Pontiffs bore temporal sway over a territory stretch- ing across Mid-Italy from sea to sea and comprising an area of some 16,000 square miles, with a population finally of some 3,125,000 souls. Of this dominion the whole has been incorporated with the Italian Kingdom. Furthermore, by an Italian law dated May 13, 1871, there was guaranteed to His Holiness and his successors for ever, besides possession of the Vatican and Lateran palaces and the villa of Castel Gandolfo, a yearly income of 3,225,000 lire or 129.000Z., which allowance still remains unclaimed and unpaid.
Supreme Pontiff. — Benedict XV. (Giacomo Delia Chiesa), born at Genoa, November 21, 1854 ; Archbishop of Bologna, December 18, 1907 ; Cardinal, May 25, 1914 ; elected Supreme Pontiff, as successor of Pius X., September 3, 1914 ; crowned, September 6 following.
The election of a Pope ordinarily is by scrutiny. Each Cardinal in conclave writes on a ticket his own name with that of the Cardinal whom he chooses. These tickets, folded and sealed, are laid in a chalice which stands on the conclave altar ; and each elector approaching the altar repeats a prescribed form of oath. Thereupon the tickets are taken from the chalice by scrutators appointed ad hoc from the electing body ; the tickets are compared with the number of Cardinals present, and when it is found that any Cardinal has two-thirds of the votes in his favour he is declared elected.
From the accession of Innocent IX., 232nd in the usual list of Roman Pontiffs, to Benedict XV., 260th, the Popes (all Italian) have been as follows: —
Name and Family of Pontiff
Name and Family of Pontiff
Year of Election
Year of Election
Innocent IX. (Facchinctti) .
1591
Innocent XIII. (Conti)
1721
Clement VIII.
Benedict XIII. (Orsini) .
1724
(Aldobrandini) .
1592
Clement XII. (Cor.iini)
1730
Leo XL (Medici)
1605
Benedict XIV. (Lambertini)
1740
Paul V. (Borgheae) .
1605
Clement XIII. (Rczzonieo) .
1758
Gregory XV. (Ludovisi) .
1621
Clement X IV. (Oanganelli)
1769
Urban VIII. (Barberini) .
1623
Pius VI. (Braschi).
1775
Innocent X. (Pampfiily) .
1644
Pius VII. (Chiaramonti) .
1800
Alexander VII. (Vhigi)
1655
Leo XII. (della Oenga)
1823
Clement IX. (Rospiyliosi) .
1667
I'ius VIII. (Caatiglioni)
1829
Clement X. (Altieri)
1670
Gregory XVI. (Cappellari) . Pius IX. (Mastai-Fcrretti) .
1831
Innocent XI. (Odescalchi) .
1676
1846
Alexander VII I. (Ottoboni) .
1689
Leo XIII. (Pecci)
1878
Innocent XII. (Pignatelli) .
1691
Pius X. (Sarto) .
1903
Clement XI. (Albani)
1700
Benedict XV. (Della Chiesa)
1914
The Roman Pontiff (in orders a Bishop, but in jurisdiction held to be by divine right, the centre of all Catholic unity, and consequently Pastor and Teacher of all Christians) has for advisers and coadjutors tb,« Sacred
