PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRY
12)'
line. The men then pass to the second line, or reserve force, for 10 years, after which they are transferred to the territorial force at the age of 38, and remain in it 4 years, thns completing 21 years' service. Young men exempted from service in the ranks, and those surplus to the annual con- tingent, are posted to a supplementary reserve.
By the Treaty of Bucharest the army was reduced to 30,000 men, whilst material, fee., was controlled by the Germans. A partial mobilisation was ordered on November 9, 1918 ; on the 10th an ultimatum was handed to the German commander demanding evacuation of occupied territory within 24 hours ; and on the 18th the Allies entered Bucharest, which had fallen to the Germans on December 6, 1916. Some 400,000 men were again placed under arms. A gradual reduction of this number was begun in 1919, and by January, 1921, the approximate strength of the army was 250,000. These were organised in 7 army corps. Each army corps was composed of 3 divisions and army corps troops. The division consisted of 2 brigades, each of 2 regiments of 3 battalions, and a battalion of chasseurs, 13 battalions in all ; an artillery brigade of 2 regiments of field artillery and a group of howitzers ; divisional cavalry and divisional engineers.
There are 2 cavalry divisions in the army each composed of 2 brigades of 2 regiments, and 2 batteries of horse artillery.
The iufantry is armed with the Maunlicher rifle ; the Rumanian artillery is still largely armed with guns of the Krupp type, but a considerable num- ber of batteries have the French type of 75 mm. field guns and French medium and lij^lit howitzers, which date from the reorganisation of the army, with French assistance, during the war. The Rumanian losses in killed and missing during the war amounted to 335,706.
The navy consists of a small cruiser and a few other vessels, including 6 destroyers. The Danube force comprises 5 gunboats, 5 sloops, 4 river monitors, and 4 small destroyers.
Production and Industry.
According to an estimate by Dr. Colesco, the distribution of the soil of Rumania with respect to agriculture in 1914 was as follows : —
Acres Ploughed lands . .13,
Fallow lands . . . 1,299,382
Vineyards and orchards .
Meadows 1,436.960
Pastures
Forest* (less clearings) . . 5,705,750
Acres
Water
Other lands 5,591,842
Annexed territories . . . 1,931,500
Total .... 34.475.750
About 80 per cent, of the population are engaged in agriculture. Of the cultivable land (arable, meadow, plantation, and orchard land) the distribu- tion with respect to ownership is as follows : —
Size of Properties
Proprietors Area ^reT'
Acres
24 -7 and under
Over 274 „ „ 1235 .
.. 123-5 ,, „ 247 .
Number Acres 1,015,302 8,19 36,31S 1.719,104 2,881 408,676 4,471 9,354,364
41-66 8-73 2-08
47 53
Total . .
1,058,172 19,681,791
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