1322
SWITZERLAND
of from twelve to fifteen. Of the contingent for military service in 1912. 0*6 per thousand could not read.
The following are the statistics of the various classes of educational insti- tutions for 1918 : — Kindergarten, 302 ; 4,229 primary schools with 13,371 teachers (8,008 men and 5,363 women), and 555,353 pupils (277,741 boys and 277,612 girls) ; the 527 secondary schools had 24,999 boys and 24,429 girls with 1,625 men and 252 women teachers; 128 middle schools had 19,792 hoys and 6,816 girls with 1,476 men and 232 women teachers. There are also commercial schools, technical schools, schools for the instruction of girls in domestic economy and other subjects ; agricultural schools, schools for horticulture, for viticulture, for arboriculture, and for dairy management. There are also institutions for the blind, the deaf and dumb, and the feeble-minded. In the 28 reformatories of Switzerland in 1917. there were 1,664 children under instruction. In 1920 the State spent on primary education 2,357,529 francs.
There are seven universities in Switzerland. These universities are organised on the model of those of Germany, governed by a rector and a senate, and divided into four 'faculties ' of theology, jurisprudence, philo- sophy, and medicine. There is a Polytechnic School, maintained by the Federal Government, at Zurich, with a teaching start' of 281 and 2,267 matriculated students, in 1920. The academy of Neuchatel was trans- formed into a university in May, 1909, but without the faculty of medicine. The following table shows the year of foundation of each university, the number of teaching staff and of matriculated students in the various branches of study in each of the seven universities in the winter of 1919-20 :—
-
Theology
Law
Medicine
265 663 015 408 270
Philosophy and Seienee
Total
Teaching Staff
Basel (1460) .
Zurich (1832).
Bern (1834) .
Geneva (15591 A 1873'-!) .
Lausanne (15871 A1890»)
FritouixOSS'J)
Neuchatel (1806' & 1909)*
94 56 52 18 26 188 11
105 491 613 303 215 136 78
606 615 007 357 488 211 110
1,070
L,787 1,086
530
l'.i'.i
ISO
tea
163
155
10S
7 'J 67
1 As an Academy.
2 As a University.
These numbers are exclusive of 'hearers,' but inclusive of 897 women students.
In 1911 there were 5,798 libraries with 9,385,000 volumes.
Justice and Crime.
The 'Bundes-Gericht,' or Federal Tribunal, which sits at Lausanne, con- sists of 24 members, with 9 supplementary judges, appointed by the Federal Assembly for six years and are eligible for re-election ; the President and Vice-President, as such, for two years and cannot be re-elected. The President has a salary of 22,000 francs a year, and the other members 20,000 francs. The Tribunal has three sections, to each of which is assigned the trial of suits in accordance with regulations framed by the Tribunal itself. It has original and final jurisdiction in suits between the
