144 THE BRITISH EMPIRE: — INDIA AND DEPENDENCIES
Of the exports of merchandise in 1919-20 Rs. 309,01,51,174 represented the products of the country. Rs. 17,77,80,125 were re-exports of imported foreign merchandise.
The returns of quantities and values of imports and of exports are based on the bills of entry and shipping bills respectively. The value is the wholesale value at the place of import or export, less trade discount, duty not being included in the value of dutiable goods. The accounts present the countries from which the goods have been consigned to India and the countries for which goods shipped from India are intended. No dis- tinction is maintained between general, special, and transit trade ; but goods of foreign origin, when re-exported, are shown in detail separately from those of Indian origin.
The gross amount of import duty collected in 1919-20 was Rs. 16,90,59,480, and export duty Rs. 4,81,11,248. Import duties are derived from cotton goods, Rs. 4,09,21,094, liquors, Rs. 1,38,00,684, metals, chiefly iron and steel, Rs. 1,13,86,349, oils, Rs. 1,02,57,632, salt, Rs. 1,47,03.352, sugar, Rs. 1,30,04,654, tobacco, Rs. 89,07,085, and silk and silk goods, Rs. 60,56,774, in 1919-20; export duties are levied on rice, tea, and jute, also raw hides and skins (from September 11, 1919).
In many cases the Native States of India impose Customs duties on goods imported from other parts of India.
The imports and exports, excluding Government stores and Govern- ment treasure, were distributed as follows in six vears : —
Tears
ended
March SI
Imports:- 1914 2 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920
Exports:- 1914 2 1910 1917 1918 1919 1920
Bengal ]
Bihar and Orissa
Rs.
75,90,72,901 55,0S,37,S69 58,22,39,947 08,20,73,608 64,06,59,081 87,58,80,600
1,03,35,14,853 91,87,17,019 96,55,92,377 87,12,32,714 105,73,55,175 139,73,98,635
Burma
Madras Bombay
Rs. Rs. Rs.
16,78, 16,396 16,53,68,244 94,20,43,857
10,78,74,423 11,56,07,618 52,91,42,976
11,86,44,713 12,87,58,409 68.52,69,397
9,85,22,598 12,47,02,610 72,77,29,277
10,59,01,918 11,76,93.689 72,28,82,656
14,80,54,801 13,49,54,139 86,09,76,039
24,27,92.737 26.88,37,4921 74,46,61,751
14,96,32,273 :24,92,83,26S 54.05,97,092
19,54.41,073 28,59,88,238 20,72.95,376 |21, 23,83,468 24,97,61,654 124,24,14,283
19,98,43,915 135,94,92,011 120,41,52,921
80.92,30,740 87,72,01.330 79,31,26,205
Sind
Rs.
16,43,82,382 12.64,51,630 13,04,14,397 13,17,71,267 11,54,14,204 17,10,90,357
28,65,13,363 18,98,80,862 24,46,70,422 31,18,43,519 22,30,39,216 18,22,39,524
1 Eastern Bengal and Assam included with Bengal.
2 Pre-war year.
Imports and exports of bullion and specie wer« as follows : —
Years ended March 31
Import* of Gold
Imports of
Exports of
Exports of Silver
1914 (pre-war)
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
Rs.
28,22,64,078 5,2K,16,821
13,33,78,689
29,09,49,298 2,27,68,156
48,25,15,571
Rs. 15,21,32,425 6,66,45,669 25,11,47.994 22,66,98,854 69,08,91,919 29,98,72,988
Rs. 4,90,26,080 6.39,08,008 10,25,194 3,91,63,391 7,84,01,343 12,92,13,211
Rs. S,18,02,770 1,83,49,811 6,81,46,868 3,62,75,790 1,17,02,228 76,84,508
Gold is used chiefly in the form of ornaments, and much of it is imported in small bars.
