TANGANYIKA TERRITORY (LAT* GERMAN EAST AFRICA) 183
serfdom continued in the protectorate under German rule, and it is estimated that there were about 185,000 serfs in German East Africa. The total white population was 5,336 in 1913.
Education is not compulsory. In 1913 there were 109 Government schools, including 4 for handicrafts, with 18 European and 159 native teachers and 6,177 pupils. Five Protestant and three Catholic missionary societies hail schools with 108,000 pupils.
Near the coa»t forests of mangrove, coco-palm, baobab, tamarind, kc. ; in the higher regions the acacia, cotton-tree, sycamore, banian, and other trees. Government forests, 652,067 acres. There are a number of plantations of coco-palms, coffee (on the higher lands), caoutchouc, sugar, cotton, cardamom, cinchona. Fibre plants, especially sisal, are successfully cultivated. In 1912 there were 43,617 cattle, 41,647 sheep and goats in the sion of Europeans, and 3,950,250 cattle and 6,898,800 sheep and goats in the possession of natives. Minerals known to exist within the Protectorate are coal, iron, lead, copper, mica, and salt. Agates, topaz, moonstones, tourmalin, and quartz crystals are found, and garnets in large quantities.
The chief seaports are Dar-es-Salaam, Bagamoyo, Saadani, Pan. Kilwa, Lindi, Mikiudani, and Tanga, but few of these are acc< to ocean-going vessels, thongh gradual improvements are being intro- duced. Wide, well-kept roads (on some of which rest-houses and stores are provided) run all through the colony. There are two railway lines in the Protectorate — the Usambara railway from Tanga to New Mosni (220 miles), commenced in 1905 and completed in February, 1912, and the Central Railway (780 miles) from Dar-es-Salaam to Kigoma, completed in February, 1914. There are also Government coasting and lake steamers. Dares-Salaam is in telegraphic communication with the coast towns, Zanzibar, Mombasa, and many inland centres. There are 62 post offices and telegraph stations. Three Battalions of the King's African Rifles are stationed in Tanganyika Territory.
The revenue of German East Africa for the year 1914 was put at 825,500/., and the expenditure 1,188,500/. Tanganyika Territory estimates; 1920-21 : revenue (ordinary), 671,620/., extraordinary (grant-in-aid), 830,000/., total, 1,001,6201. : expenditure, 1,111,809;. Approximate excess of assets over liabilities on March 31, 1920, 140,250/. ; on March 31, 1921, 80,063/.
Imports and exports for 6 years :
Year
Import 8
Exports
Year
Imports
Exports
1911 1912
1013
2,294,582 2,515,458
1,121,888 1,570,919
1.777,552
I
1917-1S 1918-191 1919-2',i
1,109,000 l.OOS.OOO 1,158,000
595,000
700,000
1,426,000
1 At 15 rupees per £. Chief exports 1919-20: Sisal (16,744 tons, 436,000/.), cotton (1,629,851 Hbs., 62,000/.), hides (78,890 cwts., 227,000/.), skins (4,897 cwts., 29,000/,), jcopra (106,615 cwts., 105,000/.), coffee (78,530 cwts., 187,000/.), ghee (11,051
cwts., 40,000/.), wax (5,481 cwts., 24,000/.), ground nuts (16,485 cwts., (18,000/.), grain (231,624 cwts, 91,000/.), simsim (33,076 cwts., 85,000/.), Irubber (2,141 cwts., 6,000/.), ivory (257 cwts., 13,000/.). Chief imports 11919-20: cotton piece goods (554,000/.), rice (51,000/.;, other foodstuffs j(149,000/.), kerosene (39,000/.), cigarettes (32,000/.), tobacco (27,000/.), jspirits, wine and beer (55,000/.). The trade is chiefly with Zanzibar, the
Colony of Kenya and India. In 1919-20 59 steamers (exclusive of coastal
