SHIPPING AND NAVIGATION— COMMUNICATIONS 299
The chief exports of British produce and manufactures to Canada were : —
Article*
| HI
(Pre-war)
1916
1917
1918
1919
A
£
£
Spirits ....
730,142
493,093
730,
Iron and steel, and
manufactures thereof
2,205,569
737,609
ti • C'!
701,79ft
Woollens, Tarn A tops
4,6&:-
5,323,111
4,54:
4,5M,966
Cotton yarn and manut
3,511
2,996,907
163
2,568.336
2.467,599
Linen manufactures .
690,420
619.416
405,719
504,686
Jnte yam and mannf.
401.449
554.787
1S7.431
349
Apparel
961,750
•ftX^fM
27
140.9S1
134,040
Cbinaware and earthen-
ware .
493,674
43
377,300
fTS,IO!
Hats ....
132.656
Machinery .
3s6,»41
297,004
VtJM
- -,
- :-4
Leather and manufac-
tures (except boots
and shoes and ma-
machinery belting) .
339,29!
?C!,51
91,127
35,224 !
u i.y<-
Shipping and Navigation.
The registered shipping on December 31, 1918, including vessels for inland navigation, consisted of 4,202 sailing vessels and 4,366 steamers ; tota net tonnage, 1,016,778. The sea-going and coasting vessels that entered and cleared during the year 1919 were as follows : —
Vessels. Entered. Cleared.
Sea-going : No.
Canadian
British
Foreign
Toes.
5,709
1.938.841
3,197
7,669.584
7.C37
3.95*
Total 15,803 11,694.618 16,543 13,566,780
Coasting :
sh and Canadian 7: 71,628 25,433,186
Foreign I,( :.951
Total 73.672 . 72,452 26,095,454
In 191S the vessels entered and cleared at Canadian ports on inland waters between Canada and the United States were : Canadian, 25,908 of 13,808,538 tons : United States, 37,141 of 14,159.122 tons.
Shipbuilding has been stimulated by the Imperial Munitions Board. Down to the autumn of 1918 the Board had placed contracts for 90 ships (44 steel and 46 wooden), representing 350,000 tons of shipping. The Canadian Government itself has become the owner of a mercantile fleet. Under the Canada-West Indies Trade Agreement, 1920 (see p. 296 above), endeavours are to be made to establish regular steamship services between the parties to the Agreement.
Internal Communications.
Canada has a system of canal, river, and lake navigation over 2,700 miles in length, and vessels from the lake ports reach the Atlantic without breaking bulk. Up to 1919 126,913,207 dollars had been spent on canals for construction and enlargement alone. In 1919 24.774 vessels, of 13,995,146 tons, passed through the Canadian canals, carrying 291,800 passengers and 9,995,266 tons of freight, chiefly grain, timber, iron ore, and coal. On
