RELIGION AND INSTRUCTION — CHARITY 511
Of the total population in 1910, 1,822,978 were males, and 1,054,571 were females : and 61 *8 per cent, was urban.
There are about 25 Indian reservations in the State, their total area (1919) being 679 square miles, with a population ol 16,215.
Three-fourths of the population of California are of American birth.
Of the 586,432 persons of foreign birth in 1910, 76,305 were German,
52,475 Irish, 48,667 English, 13,694 Scotch, 12,676 Canadian, 17,390
French, 63,601 Italian, and 26,210 Swedish, with a sprinkling of Portuguese,
. Russians, and Armenians.
According to the census of 1920 the population of the larger cities was : San Francisco, 506,676; Los Angeles, 576,673; Oakland. 216,361; San Diego, 74,683 ; Sacramento, 65,857 : Berkeley, 55,886 ; Fresno, 45,086 ; Pasadena, 45,354. In 1919 the death-rate was 142 per 1,000 ; the birth- rate, 17*5 ; and the marriage-rate, 12.
Religion and Instruction.— In the matter of religious association all churches are represented in California, the Roman Catholic being much stronger than any other single church ; next are Methodists, Presbyterians, Baptists, and Congregationalists.
Education is compulsory for children 8-16 years of age for at least five months in the year. In the 3,453 State elementary schools there were, in 1917-18, 448,495 enrolled pupils (232,108 boys and 216,387 girls), with 14,249 teachers. In 1917-18, the 311 public high schools had 4,811 teachers and 126,759 pupils (54,107 bovs and 72,652 girls) ; eight State normal schools had 315 teachers and 4,322 students. In 1917-18, 27,356 pupils (13.251 boys and 14,099 girls), with 672 teachers, were enrolled in the public kindergartens. The total expenditure for education was (1918) 33,813,821 dollars.
There are in California two great universities — the State University, or University of California, at Berkeley (established in 1868) and Leland Stanford Junior University. The former comprises the colleges of letters and science, commerce, mechanics, mining, civil engineering, chemistry and agriculture, as well as the Lick Astronomical Department. In 1920 the University had at Berkeley 1,521 professors and teachers with 9, 670 students. Leland Stanford Junior University near Palo Alto was chartered in 1885, and opened its doors to students in 1891. An endowment, now amounting to about 22,000,000 dollars in interest-bearing funds, besides large landed estates, was given by Mr. and Mrs Leland Stanford in memory of their son In 1920 it had 376 professors and teachers and 2, 949 students. The University of Southern California at Los Angeles (Meth. Episcopal) had 378 in- structors and 3,874 students (1920). There are several other prosperous colleges in the State.
California is the only State in the American Union having a compre- hensive library system, at the head of which stands the State Library at Sacramento with about 275,000 volumes (including the Sutro Branch at San Francisco).
Charity. — In the State there are 153 benevolent institutions. On January 1, 1910, the number of paupers in almshouses was 4,646, being 195*4 per 100,000 of the population, and of prisoners in penal institutions, 4,155, being 174*8 per 100,000 of the population.
