556
UNITED STATES : — MASSACHUSETTS
Production, Industry, Commerce-— In 1910 the number of farms
in Massachusetts (a farm being defined for census purposes as 'any tract of land of three or more acres used for agricultural purposes, and also any tract containing less than three acres which produced at least 250 dollars worth of farm products in the year 1909') was 36,917, with an area of 2,875,941 acres, of which 1,164,501 acres was improved land. The value of all farm property (including land valued at 105,532.616 dollars) in the State in 1910 was 226,474,025 dollars. Of the 36,917 farms in the State approximately 87 per cent, were operated by the owners, 5 per cent, by managers, and 8 per cent, by tenants. The total value of the agricultural products of the State during the year 1909, was 31,948,095 dollars, represent- ing an increase of 38 per cent, over the corresponding total for the year 1899, The principal crops in 1920 with their values were : Hay and forage, 610,000 tons, valued at 17,080,000 dollars ; potatoes, 4,000,000 bushels, valued at 6,000,000 dollars ; maize, 840,000 bushels, valued at 1,050,000 dollars ; tobacco, 15,810,000 pounds, valued at 6,419,000 dollars. On Jan. 1, 1921, there were in the State 47,000 horses, 157,000 milch cows, 100,000 other cattle, 28,000 sheep, and 130,000 pigs. In 1920 the wool clip yielded 131,000 pounds.
In the last half of the nineteenth century so many industrial enter- prises came into existence that Massachusetts has been quite transformed from an agricultural into a manufacturing community. At present nearly three-fourths of the population dwell in the cities or closely settled places.
The census of manufactures in the State in 1918 showed that the total capital invested in manufactures was 2,510,730,295 dollars, employing on the average 719,210 persons, who earned 679,401,273 dollars, using raw material valued at 2,249,822,722 dollars, and turned out products worth 3,851,346,215 dollars (m 1905, 1,124,092,051 dollars).
Condensed statistics of the more important industries are given in the following table (Massachusetts Statistics of Manufactures, 1918) : —
No. of
Goods made
Persons
Industries
Estab- lish- ments
Capital invested
Stock used
and work done
em- ployed
Wages
dollars
dollars
dollars
dollars
Boots and shoes .
474
158,854,255
289,779,464
301,090,201
77,196
68,459,977
Cotton goods
184
415,016,361
311,877,291
529,676,806
114,489
92,916,509
Woollen, worsted,
and felt goods.
195
262,464,985
293,897,630
464,007,705
01,032
'3,556
Foundry and
machine shop
products . . .
881
273,090,011
141,189,420
341,751, :i07
88,599
102,246,122
Electrical machi-
nery, Rppara-
tuB, and sup-
plies ....
80
50,324,198
85,524,431
82,742,869
21,568
21,949,491
Paper and wood
pul]> ....
80
84,047,469
57,322,710
01,428,846
14,890
14,890,004
Leather, tanned,
curried, and
finished . . .
181
64,919,315
55,101,648
81,462,273
11,204
11,567,378
Slaughtering, in-
cluding meat
packing . . .
88
88,890,075
103,090,542
117,780,023
4,366
4,714,884
There is very little mining within the State. The principal minerals,
as in
