562 UNITED STATES: — MINNESOTA
and 439,537 enrolled pupils ; 240 public high schools had 2,244 teachers and 64,060 pupils. For the instruction of teachers (who are examined and licensed by county superintendents) there were 6 public normal schools with 174 teachers and 3,838 pupils in 1920. Total expenditure on education in 1920, 38,358,555 dollars. The Universitj r of Minnesota at Minneapolis, founded in 1868, had 800 professors and 5,560 students in 1919. Hamline University, at St. Pauls, founded in 1854, had 30 instructors and 418 students. St. John's (Roman Catbolic) University, at Collegeville, founded in 1857, had 51 instructors and 420 students.
Within the State there are (besides almshouses and asylums for the insane, &c.) 86 benevolent institutions, 74 of which have been provided by private persons or ecclesiastical bodies. They comprise 44 hospitals (seven public;, three dispensaries (one public), 16 orphanages (one public), three day nurseries, 18 homes mainly for adults (one public), a school for the deaf and another for the blind (both public). On January 1, 1910, the number of paupers in almshouses was 687, being 33'1 per 100,000 of the population, and of prisoners in penal institutions, 1,613, being 77'7 per 100,000 of the population.
Finance, Defence. — The revenue and expenditure for the year ending July 1, 1920, were : —
Dollars Balance on July 1, 1919 6,984,521
Receipts to June 30, 1920 .
Total Payments to June 30, 1920 .
Balance July 1, 1920 .
47,025,379
54,009,900 44,850,939
9,158,961
State debt (1919), 1,608,821 dollars. The assessed value of property was (1919): 1,919,797,044 dollars.
The Militia, called the National Guard, contained, on June 30, 1919, 4,502 and the home guard, 7,000 officers and enlisted men.
Production and Industry.— Minnesota is largely an agricultural State. In 1910 it contained 156,137 farms with a total area of 27,675,82^ acres, of which 19,643,533 acres was improved land. The total value of all farm property in 1910 was 1,476,411,737 dollars. In 1920, 3,150,000 acres of land under maize yielded 118,125,000 bushels. Other crops were wheat, 20,116,000 bushels ; oats, 126,488,000 bushels ; barley, 25,000,000 bushels; flax-seed, 3,040,000 bushels. On January 1, 1921, the tana animals in- cluded 920,000 horses, 1,395,000 milch cows, and 1,661,000 other cattle ; 598,000 sheep, and 2,803,000 swine. In 1919 the wool clip amounted to 3,594,000 pounds of wool. The total national forest area on June 30, 1919, was 1,044,233 acres.
The mining of iron ores, mostly red hematite, in the Mesabi and Vermilion ranges has reached great importance. Certain quarry products also are of value, viz. , granite, sandstone, and limestone and clay products.
Other industries are connected with the traffic in cattle, sheep, and swine, while important manufacturing industries are the making of boots and shoes, clothing, furniture, metal goods, and machinery. According to the census of manufactures of 1910 there were in the State 5,561 manufacturing establish-
