640 UNITED STATES: — HAWAII
HAWAII
Government. — The Hawaiian or Sandwich Islands formed during the greater part of the nineteenth century an independent kingdom, but in 1893 the reigning Queen, Liliuokalani (died November 11, 1917), was deposed and a provisional government formed ; in 1894 a Republic was proclaimed, and in accordance with a resolution of Congress of July 7, 1898, the Islands were on August 12, 1898, formally annexed to the United States. On June 14, 1900, they were constituted as the Territory of Hawaii. The Organic Act has since been amended several times. There is a Legislature of two Houses, a Senate of 15 members elected for four years, and a House of Representatives of 30 members elected for two years. Sessions, limited to 60 days, are held biennially. The Governor and Secretary are appointed for four years by the President of the United States.
Governor.— C. J. McCarthy, 1918-1922 (7,000 dollars). Secretary. — Curtis P. Iaukea.
The Territory is represented in Congress by a delegate elected biennially.
Area and Population. — The total area of the islands is 6,449 square miles. The principal islands of the group are Hawaii, 4,015; Maui, 728 ; Oahu, 598 ; Kauai, 547 ; Molokai, 261 ; Lanai, 139 ; Niihau, 97 ; Ka- hoolawe, 69. According to the census taken on April 15, 1910, the total population of the islands numbered 191,909, an increase of 37,908, or 24 '61 per cent, since 1900. The average number of persons to the square mile in 1910 was 2975. The Capital, Honolulu, in the Island of Oahu, had 83,327 inhabitants on January 1, 1920.
Population on January 1, 1920, 255,912.
The estimated number of Hawaiians on June 30, 1920, was 22,000, and 16,900 part-Hawaiians. There are estimated to be 22,600 Chinese, 113,500 Japanese, 24,800 Portuguese, 23,400 Filipinos, 5,300 Porto Ricans, 1,000 Spanish, 25,000 Americans, British, German, and Russian, 5,200 Korean, 600 all others.
Religion and Instruction. — Nearly all the natives are Christians, There is an Anglican bishop at Honolulu ; also a Roman Catholic bishop, and ministers of various denominations. Schools are established all over the islands. Elementary education has always been free. The language in general use in schools is English. In 1919, there were 173 public schools with 1,161 teachers and 38,295 enrolled pupils ; also 59 private schools with 384 teachers and 7,406 enrolled pupils. Of the pupils in ptiblic schools in 1919, 7,393 were Hawaiian or part-Hawaiian, 5,304 Portuguese, 22,711 Asiatics, 1.033 Anglo-Saxon. In Hawaii there are, besides, a normal and training school, a reformatory industrial school for boys and one for girls ; also a Territorial University.
Justice. — Hawaii has a supreme court, circuit courts, district courts and a land registration court. The circuit judges sit also as juvenile courts. The judges of the supreme and circuit courts are appointed by the United 3tates President ; the district magistrates by the Chief Justice of Hawaii. There is also a United States District Court, the judges of which are appointed by the President.
