838 FRANCE
Minister of Labour. — M. Daniel- Vincent (Deputy).
Minister of the Liberated Territories. — M. L. Loucheur (Deputj).
Minister of Hygiene, of Assistance, and of Social Prevision.— M. Lercdu (Deputy).
Minister of Pensions, Awards, and War Grants.— M. Andre Maglnot (Deputy).
The following is a list of the Sovereigns and Governments of France, from the accession of the House of Bourbon : —
House of Bourbon.
Henri IV. - 1589-1610
Louis XIII., 'le Juste' . . 1610-1643
Louis XIV., ' le Grand ' . . 1643-1715
Louis XV 1715-1774
Louis XVI. (died 1793) . . 1774-1792
First Republic.
Convention 1792-1795
Directory 1795-1799
Consulate 1799-1804
First Empire.
Napoleon I. (died 1821) . . 1804-1814
House of Bourbon restored.
Louis XVIII 1814-1824
Charles X. (died 1836) . . 1824-1830
House of Bourbon-OrUans. Louis Philippe (died 1850) . 1830-1848 | Alexandre Millerand ,j . . 1920
The Chamber of Deputies is elected for four years, by manhood suffrage, and each citizen 21 years old, not actually in military service, who can prove a six months' residence in any one town or commune, and not otherwise disqualified, has the right of vote. Deputies must be citizens and not under 25 years of age. The manner of election of Deputies has been modified several times since 1871. The scrutin de liste, under which each elector votes for as many Deputies as the entire department has to elect, was introduced in 1871. In 1876 it was replaced by the scrutin d' arrondif sement, under which each department is divided into a number of arrondissements, each elector voting for one Deputy only ; in 1885 there was a return to the scrutin de liste, in 18S9 the uni- nominal vote was reintroduced ; and in 1919 the scrutin dc liste, with proportional representation, was again adopted. In 1889 it was enacted that each candidate is bound to make, within the fortnight which precedes the elections, a declaration as to his being a candidate for a given constituency, and for one constituency only — all votes which eventually may be given for him in other constituencies being reckoned as void. The Chamber verifies the powers of its members. In Mch constituency the votes are cast up and the Deputy proclaimed elected by a commission of Councillors General appointed by the prefect of the department. The Chamber is now composed of 610 Deputies.
Chamber of Deputies, elected November 16, 1920: — Republicans of the Left, 133 ; Progressives, 130 ; Socialist Radinils, 83 : Action Liberalo, 72 ; Unified Socialists. 68 ; Radical?, 60 ; Conservatives, 31 ; Republican Socialists, 27 ; Dissident Socialists, t>.
The Senate is composed of 314 members, elected for nine years
l ruuit,
rbon : —
Second Republic.
Provisional Government,
Feb— Dec.
ISiS
Louis Napoleon .
1848-1852
Second Empire.
Napoleon III. (died 1873) .
1852-1870
Third Republic.
Government of National
1870-1871
Adolphe Thiers, President.
1871-1873
Marshal MacMahon ,,
1873-1879
P. J. P. Jules Grevy ,,
1879-18S7
F. Sad i Carrot ,,
1387-1894
Casimir Perier
(June — Jan.) ,,
1894-1895
Felix Faure ,,
1S95-1899
Emile Loubet ,,
1S99-1906
Armand Fallieres ,,
1900-1913
Raymond Poincare ,,
1913-1920
Paul Deschanel ,,
1930
