INSTRUCTION
847
Algeria). The number of pupil- teachers in primary normal schools in 1913-14 was 4,650 men and 4,863 women.
Secondary Instruction : Boys. — Secondary instruction is supplied in two types of schools — by the State in the lvcees, and by the communes in the colleges, by associations and by private individuals in free establishments {ecoles libres). The course of study extends over 7 years, 4 in the first cycle, and 3 in the second, with four ditferent courses of study ; 1, Latin, Greek ; 2, Latin, sciences ; 3, Latin, living languages ; 4, sciences, living languages.
The number of public secondary schools for boys and the numl>or of pupils for 8 years were as follows : —
Public Institutions :
m
PupUa
191- 1
191'.' 1
France and Algeria
No.
No.
Pupils
5<.2'K 29,344
No.
Pupils
Lyceet . Communal college* .
104
-11
31,418
—
67,7* »
IJnetadtag AKi< e and Lorraine. Girls. — The following table showa the condition of the institutions for girls :
191
1918
1919
No.
Pupils
No.
Pupils.
No. Pupils
Lyetet (France)
1
21,44'i
|
21,611
25,855
Colleges (France
1.7
• I*
and Algeria) .
J
n«Ms
1
11,291
13,916
. Secondary courses
- ;
(France and Al-
geria)
47
5..320
49
5,414
49
5,894
Total .
174
3<.bS\
K4
38,316
1S9 46,168
Higher Instruction is supplied by the State in the universities and in special schools, and by private individuals in the private faculties and schools. The freedom of higher instruction was established by the law of July 12, 1875, modified by that of March 18, 1880, which reserved to the State faculties the exclusive right to confer degrees. A decree of December 28, 1885, created a general council of the faculties, and the creation of universities, each consisting of several faculties, was accomplished in 1897, in virtue of the law of July 10, 1896.
There are 16 Universities in France. The following table shows the year of foundation and the total number of students on July 31, 1919 : —
I'niv
Students
rsities
Students
Aix-en-Provenc* (1409)
1179
I. von (1834)
2.593
Umbmbi (1287) •
,46
Wontpellier <
Bordeaux (1441) .
2241
Nancy (1572)
650
Caen (1432) ....
570
Paris (1200>
11,026
Clermont-Ferrand (ISO*)
571
Poitiers (1431) .
687
Dijon (1722) ....
686
Itennes (1808) .
939
Grenoble (133V) .
1724
Strasbourg (1567)
1,122
Lille (1560) .
73.'
T"U'.ouse (1233) .
1,764
